Section 1
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agile methodology
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Section 1
(50 cards)
agile methodology
A software development methodology that allows specifications to emerge as the project progresses through iterations called sprints.
Low-Level Language
A programming language that requires a programmer to write instructions for specific hardware elements such as the computer processor, registers, and RAM locations.
known information
In a problem statement, information supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.
VDE (visual development environment)
Programming tools that allow programmers to build substantial parts of computer programs by pointing and clicking, rather than entering code.
syntax
In the context of programming languages, refers to the grammar rules that create valid program statements.
runtime error
An error that occurs when a computer program is run.
syntax error
An error that results when an instruction does not follow the syntax rules, or grammar, of the programming language.
control
In the context of graphical user interfaces and programming, a screen-based object whose behavior can be specified by a programmer.
Which of the following statements would be considered an assumption for the pizza program?
Compare two pizzas. Which pizza is the best deal? ~Pizzas can be round or square. All of the above
High-Level Language
A programming language that allows a programmer to write instructions using human-like language.
Second-Generation Languages
Assembly languages that followed machine languages.
Compiler
Software that translates a program written in a high-level language into low-level instructions before the program is executed.
Assembly Language
A low-level computer programming language that uses simple commands and is translated into machine language by an assembler.
First-Generation Languages
Machine languages that were available for programming the earliest computers.
Abstraction
A concept that simplifies by masking details from a user or designer. In the context of computer programming, higher-level languages have greater levels of abstraction that shield programmers from having to deal with hardware details.
What kind of element is pizzaPrice in the following statement? pizzaPrice = 10.00
Command Keyword Assumption ~Variable
Which of the following projects was most likely to have used formal methods?
Angry Birds Facebook ~Bank of America's online banking Web site Snapchat
Defensive Programming
An approach to programming that attempts to identify possible threats and proactively create code to avoid them; also called secure programming.
program editor
A programming tool, similar to a word processor, that provides specialized editing and formatting features to streamline the programming process.
Fourth-Generation Languages
Programming and query languages, such as SQL and RPG, that more closely resemble human languages than did third-generation languages.
predictive methodology
The traditional approach to software development in which detailed specifications are created before coding begins.
Suppose you're looking at Python code and you see # symbols. What does that tell you?
~The text that follows is a comment that documents the code. The program was developed using an SDK or an IDE. The program was written as a sprint. There is a syntax error in the code that was found by a debugger.
software engineering
The process of developing software using systematic mathematical, engineering, and management techniques.
Third-Generation Languages
Programming languages, such as Fortran, BASIC, and COBOL, that followed assembly languages and provided English-like keywords.
What is the attention span of a typical app user in the context of response time?
ne minute 15 seconds ~Two seconds Ten minutes
Which Python keyword seems best for collecting the shape of a pizza from a user?
~input while if class
Which of the following has the highest level of abstraction?
pizza A pizza box A painting of a pizza ~A program that compares two pizzas
remarks
Programmer notes or documentation included in a program, but preceded by a special symbol so they are not executed. Also called comments.
logic error
A run-time error in the logic or design of a computer program.
Formal methods
Mathematically based techniques for specifying and developing reliable and robust software or hardware.
variable
A named storage location that is capable of holding data that can be modified during program execution.
keyword
(1) A word or term used as the basis for a Web page search. (2) A command word provided by a programming language.
Which generation of programming languages is used to develop apps for iPhone and Android devices?
First generation Second generation ~Third generation Fourth generation
constant
In the context of programming, represents an unchanging value. In contrast, the data held in a variable can change.
Fifth-Generation Languages
Either declarative languages, such as Prolog, or programming languages that allow programmers to use graphical or visual tools to construct programs.
Computer programming
The process of designing, coding, and testing computer programs.
debugging
The process of testing and correcting a computer program.
Threat modeling
A component of defensive programming that helps programmers identify ways in which their programs might be compromised; also called risk analysis.
Assembly language is classified as
a machine language ~a low-level language a third-generation language none of the above
Systems programmers
Computer programmers who specialize in developing operating systems and utilities rather than applications.
Application programmers
Software developers who specialize in developing applications software rather than system software.
Software developed for the initial rollout of HealthCare.gov might have been more successful if programmers used a(n) ______ methodology and a series of sprints.
predictive SDLC ~agile enterprise
sprint
In the context of computer programming, an iteration in the agile development process in which a working prototype of a product is created.
Assembler
A utility that reads a program written in an assembly language, translates the program into machine language, and then submits the machine language program to the processor for execution.
Which environment offers the best array of tools for editing program code?
A text editor Word processing software A program editor ~A VDE
A program to calculate the tip for a restaurant server produces the wrong amount. What kind of error is it?
Python error A syntax error ~A logic error None of the above
The question "Which pizza is the best deal?" would be considered
problem statement a Java statement a command ~none of the above
properties
The characteristics of an object in a program.
Source Code
Computer instructions written in a high-level language.
Which one of the following best describes a software engineer's approach to a search routine?
Coding a search routine by instructing the computer to step through a list looking for a match ~Examining several methods for implementing a search routine and selecting the one that provides the greatest efficiency based on the computer architecture and the data being processed
Section 2
(50 cards)
Walkthrough
In the context of programming, a method of verifying that an algorithm functions properly when using realistic test data.
The extends command is associated with
~inheritance attributes data types an object
flowchart
In software engineering, a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.
Method
In the context of object-oriented programming, any action that an object can perform.
Polymorphism
In the context of object-oriented programming, the ability to redefine a method for a subclass. Also called overloading.
Superclass
In object-oriented programming, a superclass can provide attributes and methods for subclasses.
Which of the following languages is generally used for legacy programming projects?
Scripting Languages
Programming languages, such as PHP, Perl, Ruby, and JavaScript, distributed as human-readable source code.
Scripting languages, such as JavaScript and PHP, are
~interpreted second generation object code op codes
object-oriented paradigm
An approach to programming that focuses on the manipulation of objects rather than on the generation of procedure-based code.
Procedural Language
Any programming language used to create programs composed of a series of statements that tell the computer how to perform a specific task.
Loop
The section of program code that is repeated because of a repetition control structure; also called an iteration.
Class
In object-oriented terminology, a group with specific characteristics to which an object belongs.
Structured English
Vocabulary and syntax used by systems analysts to concisely and unambiguously explain the logic of a process. It is limited to words defined in a data dictionary and to specific logical terms such as IF...THEN.
Message
In the context of object-oriented programming, input that is collected and sent to an object.
Object Code
The low-level instructions that result from compiling source code.
Procedural Paradigm
An approach to programming in which a programmer defines the steps for solving a problem.
Algorithm
An abstract or general procedure for solving a problem, typically expressed as pseudocode, structured English, or a flowchart.
Subclass
In object-oriented programming, is derived from a superclass and inherits its attributes and methods.
Would a procedural language be the best choice for a program that translates Russian into English?
Yes, because translation is a step-by-step process Yes, because Russian grammar has a simple syntax No, because Russian uses a different alphabet ~No, because translating languages is an unstructured problem
hat is the core characteristic of procedural programming languages?
A compiler ~A step-by-step algorithm A VDE A paradigm
Control Structures
Instructions that specify the sequence in which a program is to be executed: sequence, selection, and repetition controls.
Which of the following is not considered a way to express an algorithm?
Structured English Flow chart ~Compiler Pseudocode
A Walkthrough of the Pizza Program Algorithm
A compiler creates
~object code source code op code interpreted code
IDE (integrated development environment)
A set of programming tools, typically including editor, compiler, and debugger, packaged into an application for creating programs.
Multiparadigm Languages
A programming language that supports more than one paradigm, such as object-oriented and procedural paradigms.
Which of the following statements is true about getArea()?
~It is an example of polymorphism. It carries out the same calculation for round and rectangular pizzas It is a message. It is a variable.
What is the difference between an IDE and a VDE (described in the previous section)?
~An IDE does not necessarily have to be graphical. A VDE is used for mobile apps. A VDE is for second-generation languages. An IDE is easier to use.
Which attribute from the original code for the Pizza class (on the previous page) is no longer needed when the subclasses for round and rectangular pizzas are created?
Pizza pizzaShape pizzaPrice pizzaSize
In the pseudocode at left, what is the purpose of the following statement? squareInches1 ← size1 * size1
It defines the squareInches variable. ~It calculates the size of a square pizza. It calculates the radius of a round pizza. It determines which pizza is the best deal.
Programming Paradigm
A programming methodology or approach, as in the object-oriented paradigm.
Class Attribute
In the context of object-oriented programming, a class attribute defines a characteristic for the members of a class. Similar to a field in a database.
Interpreter
A program that converts high-level instructions in a computer program into machine language instructions, one instruction at a time.
Iteration
In the context of computer programming, a section of code that is repeated; also called a loop.
SDK (software development kit)
A collection of language-specific programming tools.
Class Hierarchy
Like a hierarchical diagram, a class hierarchy is a set of related superclasses and subclasses defined within the object-oriented paradigm.
Object
In an object database or OO programming language, a discrete piece of code describing a person, place, thing, event, or type of information.
API (application program[ming] interface)
A set of application programs or operating system functions that can be utilized by a program.
Private Attribute
An attribute for an object, a class, or a record that can be accessed only from the program routine in which it is defined.
Flow Control
In the context of programming, the sequence in which a computer executes program instructions.
Inheritance
In object-oriented terminology, a method for defining new classes of objects based on the characteristics of existing classes.
What is the output of the following program code? Print ("Hi!") Goto Greeting Print ("Goodbye") Greeting End
~Hi! Greeting Goodbye Hi! Goodbye
Repetition Control Structure
A component of a computer program that repeats one or more instructions until a certain condition is met (also called loop or iteration).
Pseudocode
A notational system for algorithms that combines English and a programming language.
What is the key difference between a function and the goto command?
Goto transfers control to another part of the program. ~Goto jumps to another part of the program without a way to return. Goto simplifies program logic. All of the above
How many lines in the pizza program are designed to collect input?
Two Four ~Six Eight
Sequence Control Structure
A programming construct that alters the order in which instructions are executed.
Selection Control Structure
A component of a computer program that tells a computer what to do, depending on whether a condition is true or false (also called decision structure or branch).
Public Attribute
An attribute for an object, a class, or a record that can be accessed from any routine in a program
Section 3
(16 cards)