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Biology Vocabulary

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Section 1

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population

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (50)

Section 1

(50 cards)

population

Front

a group of interbreeding plants or animals of the same species that occupy a community or area

Back

Prokaryote

Front

a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus

Back

Eukaryote

Front

an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles

Back

ribosome

Front

site of protein synthesis

Back

eukaryote

Front

a type of cell that contains a nucleus; examples are plants, animals, protists, and fungi

Back

chlorophyll

Front

the green photosynthetic pigment found in plant chloroplasts

Back

Cell

Front

the smallest functional unit of a living organism that is bound by a cell membrane and contains various organelles

Back

Heterotroph

Front

an organism that must obtain its food by consuming other organisms

Back

Organelle

Front

a specialized cell structure that performs a specific function such as the

Back

producer

Front

an organism that uses the sun to make food for itself

Back

hypotonic

Front

condition where the solution surrounding a cell has a lower concentration than the concentration inside the cell; cause cells to swell as water moves into the cell by osmosis

Back

asexual reproduction

Front

to reproduce by cell division, spore formation, fission, or budding without the union of individuals or gametes

Back

passive transport

Front

the movement of a substance across a membrane following the electrical or concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration); does not require energy; also known as diffusion

Back

Population

Front

all of the individuals of a species living in the same area

Back

abiotic factor

Front

physical, or nonliving, part of an ecosystem, such as the sun, temperature, and rocks

Back

Golgi apparatus

Front

organelle system of membranes within cells associated with sorting, modification, packaging, and transport of cell products that come from the endoplasmic reticulum

Back

plant cell

Front

eukaryotic cells that make up plant tissues; have cell walls and chloroplasts, but lack centrioles

Back

nucleic acid

Front

the basic building block of DNA and RNA. Structurally made up of a nucleotide base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate all linked to form a linear chain

Back

hypertonic

Front

condition where the solution surrounding a cell has a higher concentration than the concentration inside the cell; cause cells to shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis

Back

monosaccharide

Front

a single sugar molecule that cannot be broken into smaller, simpler sugars; building blocks for carbohydrates

Back

DNA

Front

the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid; it is the blueprint for life, is bundled into chromosomes found in the nucleus of cells and is made up of nucleotides joined together to form a complex double helix structure

Back

enzyme

Front

speeds up chemical reactions

Back

Carbohydrate

Front

a chemical compound such as sugars or starches that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Back

Species

Front

a distinct population of organisms that have the same basic structure and can interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring

Back

synthesis

Front

a combination of two or more things that form something new

Back

diffusion

Front

the movement of a substance across a membrane following the electrical or concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration); does not require energy; also known as passive transport.

Back

cell wall

Front

the rigid, outer structure of plant cells that gives the cells shape and strength

Back

facilitated diffusion

Front

the diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane with the help of a carrier.

Back

Reactants

Front

substances that enter a chemical reaction

Back

osmosis

Front

the diffusion of water across a cell membrane from the area of low solute concentration (high water concentration) to the area of high solute concentration (low water concentration); does not require energy

Back

ATP

Front

adenosine triphosphate; energy molecule of living things that is produced from food by respiration

Back

active transport

Front

type of diffusion that requires energy to move particles into and out of the cell (moving from low to high concentration)

Back

mitochondrion

Front

rod-shaped organelle, in all cells, that produces energy for the cell through respiration

Back

Autotroph

Front

an organism that can make its own organic food molecules from only carbon dioxide, simple inorganic nitrogen, and light or ATP

Back

stomata

Front

a small opening in the bottom of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Back

prokaryote

Front

a single celled microorganism, like bacteria, that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Back

Cell membrane

Front

the cellular structure that surrounds the cell separating the inside of the cell from the external environment; controls what goes in and out of the cell; made up of phospholipid bilayer

Back

nucleus

Front

the central part of the cell that controls the cell and contains genetic material(DNA). The nucleus has 3 parts: the nuclear envelope, the chromatin, and the nucleolus.

Back

photosynthesis

Front

the process plants use to make carbohydrates and oxygen from water and from carbon dioxide in the air in the presence of light

Back

isotonic

Front

condition where the solution surrounding a cell has the same concentration as the inside of the cell; do not change the size of cells because osmotic flow in and out of the cell is equal

Back

chloroplast

Front

a plant organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

Back

endoplasmic reticulum

Front

organelle system of membranes within cells that transport material around the cell; two types: rough and smooth

Back

Biotic

Front

living things that make up and ecosystem

Back

nucleotide

Front

the basic structural group of nucleic acids made up of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate

Back

products

Front

substances that are produced from reactants through a chemical reaction

Back

protein

Front

a complex organic molecule made up of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Back

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front

rough looking part of the endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes on its surface; ribosomes cause the rough looking appearance

Back

Homeostasis

Front

the ability of an organism to maintain stability, also known as equilibrium. Temperature regulation is an example.

Back

lipid

Front

macromolecule such as fats, oils, waxes made mostly of fatty acids

Back

lysosome

Front

organelle containing powerful digestive enzymes used to break down cell wastes, food, or engulfed particles

Back