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AP US History Chapter 17

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Section 1

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (35)

Section 1

(35 cards)

Chinese Exclusion Act

Front

1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.

Back

Haymarket Square Riot

Front

May 4, 1886 Large rally in Haymarket Square in Chicago shortly after striking began at McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. Police were attempting to disperse the crowd then a bomb exploded Eleven were killed and over 100 were injured Eight anarchists were put on trial and four were executed *Incident was used to discredit the Knights of Labor

Back

Homestead Strike (1892)

Front

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.

Back

John Wanamaker

Front

United States businessman whose business grew into one of the first department stores in Philadelphia (1838-1922)

Back

Sears (also Montgomery Wards)

Front

one of the two mail order catalog companies mentioned that served American farmers beginning in the late 1800s.

Back

American Federation of Labor

Front

Organization created by Samuel Gompers that coordinated the craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled labor. Higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions.

Back

Terence Powderly

Front

In 1879, president of the Knight of Labor. He worked to strengthen the union by opening membership to immigrants, blacks, women and unskilled workers. He wanted to make the world a better place for both workers and employers. He did not believe in strikes. He relied on rallies, meetings and boycotts.

Back

Greenback-Labor Party, National Labor union

Front

National political movement that advocated laws to regulate corporations and enforce an 8 hour workday, called for government to print more greenback dollars and increase the amount of money in circulation to stimulate the economy, create jobs, and help borrowers by allowing them to pay off debts. In the south they protested the collapse of Reconstruction and urged that every man's vote be protected Try to force an 8hr workday Called for an increase in amount of money in circulation They subscribed to the ideal of producerism

Back

trade union

Front

Association of trade workers formed to gain higher wages and better working conditions

Back

John D. Rockefeller

Front

Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the oil industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. Horizontal integration. Trusts

Back

Knights of Labor

Front

The first mass labor organization, attempted to bridge the boundaries of ethnicity, gender, ideology and race, and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood of all workers. Their downfall was the Haymarket Square riot.

Back

horizontal integration

Front

A business concept invented in the late 19th century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.

Back

Managerial Revolution

Front

The "revolution" began with the railroads. McCallum, the superintendent, wanted a system to be devised that would control the ever growing market. "Step by step the trunk lines separated overall management from day to day operations, departmentalized operations by function, defined lines of communication, and perfected cost accounting methods enabling managers to assess performance of operating units."

Back

Samuel Gompers

Front

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Back

Henry Bessemer

Front

This man revolutionized the way to manufacture steel by making the process quicker and more efficient. Mass production.

Back

vertical integration

Front

A business model in which a corporation controls all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products.

Back

predatory pricing

Front

the practice of charging a very low price for a product with the intent of driving competitors out of business or out of a market. Used by big corporations such as Swift's meat packing industry.

Back

J.P. Morgan

Front

A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie. With Carnegie's holdings and some others, he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion dollar corporation.

Back

closed shop

Front

A company with a labor agreement under which only union members can be a condition of employment. With all jobs reserved for union members -that kept out lower-wage workers

Back

anarchist

Front

person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of abolishing authority

Back

trust

Front

A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them as a single entity. They evolved into other centralized business forms.

Back

scientific management

Front

A system of organizing work developed by Frederick Taylor. It was designed to get the maximum output from the individual worker, increase efficiency, and reduce the cost of production.

Back

Interstate Commerce Act

Front

An 1887 act that created a federal regulatory agency known as ICC, designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.

Back

Gustavus Swift

Front

In the 1800s he enlarged fresh meat markets through branch slaughterhouses and refrigeration. He monopolized the meat industry. Vertical integration, predatory pricing.

Back

Daniel C. McCallum

Front

He incited the railroad industries change in managerial structure. He saw that a superintendent could manage details of a 50-mile track, but not on a 500-mile track. McCallum suggested that the upper management delegate to lower managerial staff.

Back

Social Darwinism

Front

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Back

cooperatives (co-ops)

Front

Organizations composed of individuals or small businesses that have banded together to reap the benefits of belonging to a larger organization

Back

mass production

Front

A factory system that combines advanced machinery, a declined labor force and assembly line to produce large quantities of identical goods at low cost. Led to deskilling.

Back

Piecework

Front

a compensation system in which employees are paid a set rate for each item they produce

Back

Granger laws

Front

Economic regulatory laws passed in some Midwestern states, triggered by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party. In the Midwest Greenback pressure helped trigger a wave of economic regulatory actions known as

Back

deskilling

Front

The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing, in which workers completed discrete, small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product. With deskilling, employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.

Back

Producerism

Front

The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor, such as farmers and craftsmen, and that merchants, lawyers, bankers, and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."

Back

Farmer's Alliance

Front

In 1873 the Grangers founded this. Their goals promote social gatherings/education opportunities, organize against abuse, form cooperative stores/women played a significant role, and wanted political pressure. This later led to the founding of the populist party.

Back

Andrew Carnegie

Front

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded a Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. "Let the poor help themselves"

Back

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Front

Nationwide strike of railroad workers and labor allies who were protesting the steep wage cuts amid the depression that had begun in 1873.

Back