Re Paper 1

What are 6 articles of faith in Sunni Islam 

Tawhid- only one god 

angels- beliefs in angels 

holy books 

prophets-respect prophets 

day of judgement -

Quote for  Amr bil-Maroof and Nahi ‘Anil-Munkar (Shi’a)

‘...and whatever the Messenger has given you – take; and what he has forbidden you – refrain from.’ (Qur’an)

Tabarra

Disassociating with enemies of God 

 eid al adha

Celebrates ibrahims willingness to sacrifice his son for God and marks the end of hajj

Also known as the festival of sacrifice or Greater Eid.

It lasts for four days

It remembers Ibrahim, who was willing to sacrifice his son for God.

Muslims may visit friends and family and enjoy family meals.

It begins with prayers in a mosque. Some families give money.

Cards and presents are given and meals are shared.

What is significant about sacrificing an animal 

Remember ibrahims willingness to sacrifice his son out of obedience to God

What is shahadah and how does it differ from Sunni and Shia 

● ‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the prophet of Islam.

● It is the foundation of Islamic faith

● Add ‘and Ali is the friend of God’

● This shows that Ali is the true successor of

Muhammad.

Quote for ummah

‘This ummah of yours is a single ummah.’ (Qur’an)

How do Sunnis celebrate ashura 

Not the most important some celebrate the day slaves were freed in Egypt some celebrate the day Noah left the ark but they observe it with fasting and charity 

what is khums 

Khums refers to 20% of the excess income earned by Shi’a Muslims. Half goes to religious leaders and half goes to the poor.

What are the 10 obligatory acts of Shia islam

1. Salah – Prayer

2. Zakah – Charity

3. Sawm – Fasting

4. Khums – 20% income tax, half goes to charity,

half to six Shi’a leaders

5. Hajj- pilgrimage

6. Jihad- Struggle to maintain the faith and

defend Islam.

7. Amr-bil Maruf – encouraging what is good.

8. Nahi Anil Munkar – discouraging what is wrong

9. Tawallah- To be loving towards the friends of

God, including Muhammad and the Imams.

10.Tabarra – disassociating with the enemies of

God.

Five of the ten obligations are the same as the Five Pillars in Sunni Islam. The rest are additional obligations that are considered important under Shi’a Islam.

Quote for sawm 

‘Oh believers! Fasting is prescribed for you as it were for those before you that you may learn self-restraint’ (Qur’an)

What is lesser jihad

● Must be declared by a religious leader.

● Cannot be used to convert people to Islam.

● In response to a threat to the faith

● Must not gain territory or wealth and be the last

resort

What is jihad

Jihad is the struggle against evil with for the individual or as a collective fellowship. It required Muslims to strive to improve themselves and live how God wills.

What is the significance of entering in state of ihram

White symbolises purity and that they are equal before God 

Why do people pay zakat

This is an acknowledgement that everything comes from God, by giving to the poor. Zakat means to purify or cleanse, removing selfishness and greed. The figure of 2.5% was figured out by scholars as it was not stated in the Quran.

● Fulfilling a duty imposed by God, making clear they are a true Muslim.

● Shows a good attitude towards money as you are sharing.

● It strengthens communities

● It links to prayers and puts them into action.

Quotations  for jihad 

The person who struggles so that Allah’s Word is supreme is the one serving Allah’s cause.’ (Prophet Muhammed)

‘Repel evil with what is seen as better, then your enemy will become your friend.’ (Qur’an)

Quote for eid al fitr 

Verily it is only a festival for he whose fast Allah has

accepted and whose prayers He has acknowledged...’ (Imam

Ali – Shi’a)

Quotations for zakah

Be steadfast in prayer and giving.’ (Qur’an)

‘The purpose of zakah is to test the rich and provide for the poor, if all people paid their zakah no one would be poor any longer.’(Imam Ali – Shi’a)

When does hajj start and end

It starts and ends in Mecca. It usually takes place between 8th to 12th of Dhul- Hijjah, which is the last month in the Islamic calendar. Three million Muslims take part each year.

What are the 5 pillars of Islam 

● Shahadah–declarationoffaith

● Salah–Prayer

● Zakah–Charity

● Sawm–Fasting

● Hajj-Pilgrimage
 

they are essential for a perfect life 

Quotes for Salah 

In the name of the compassionate Allah.’ (Qur’an)

 ‘People should know that Allah sees each person in prayer even if they do not see him.’ (Imam Sadiq – Shi’a)

Eid al fitr importance 

Eid-ul-Fitr means breaking of the fast.

It marks the end of Ramadan

It thanks God for the strength to complete the fast and for providing wisdom and guidance as it the Quran was revealed during this month

Quote for mosques 

Whoever builds a mosque in the name of Allah is mentioned, Allah will build a house for him in Paradise.’ (Qur’an))

What are the significances of hajj

● Some go more than once in their lives.

● Once you complete hajj, you can be called Hajji.

● It can bring a deep spiritual transformation, being closer

to God.

● Teachers sincerity and humility.

● Inner peace, valuing justice, honesty, respect, kindness,

mercy and forgiveness.

● Self discipline as not all can complete it.

● Unity and equality, Ihram clothing is worn by everyone

and pilgrims sleep in tents.

● Reminds of the faith and examples set by Ibrahim, Hajira

and Ishmael.

● Can lead to forgiveness of sins.

How do Muslims fast in Ramadan

 They get up before sunrise to eat and drink enough to keep them satisfied until the end of the day.

The evening meal is often shared with family and friends, prayers are said and readings from the Quran. This can be difficult for Muslims living in non-Muslim countries. The focus of Ramadan is God. It is time to purify the thought to cleanse the soul.

What is Ramadan 

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is believed that during Ramadan the Quran was first revealed.

• Nahil Anril Munkar.

discouraging the wrong 

When should hajj be taken

It should be made at least once in a Muslims life, provided they are fit and healthy.

How is Eid al fitr celebrated 

May be celebrated for between one and three days.

Muslims gather in a mosque or large outdoor area.

Everyone wears their best clothes and homes are decorated.

Special foods are eaten and processions may take place.

Cards and presents are exchanged

why is prayer important in Islam 

It is what God commanded them to do.

It is a way Muslims across the world are united.

It reminds them that God is more important than they are.

What are the basic actions of prayer

o While standing, Muslims recite the first chapter from the Quran.

o While bowing, Muslims say in Arabic; ‘Glory be to my Lord who is the greatest’ three times. This bowing position show they believe God to be great.

o Returning to an upright position, they make a recitation praising God.

o They kneel with their forehead, nose, hands, knees and toes touching the floor. This is called prostration shows complete obedience to God. They recite ‘How perfect is my Lord the most high’.

o Muslims then sit reciting ‘God is greatest’ and after pausing for a few seconds, they repeat ‘God is greatest’.

What is the origin of hajj

God told the prophet Ibrahim to take his wife Hajira and son Isma’il on a journey to Arabia. He then told Ibrahim to leave Hajira and Isma’il with some food and water.

Having run out of water, Hajira ran up and down two hills, Safa and Marwah, in search of more. Unable to find any water, she prayed to God and water then sprang from the ground. This source of water is called the Zamzam well.

When Ibrahim returned, he was commanded to build the Ka’aba as a shrine dedicated to Allah where worship would take place.

Over time, people began to worship idols at the Ka’aba instead of the one God, Allah. However, Muhammad restored the Ka’aba to its original purpose when he converted Makkah to Islam.

What is significant about throwing pebbles at Mina 

● Muslims walk to Muzdalifah, collecting 49 stones on the way.

● These stones are thrown at three walls in Jamarat, which represent the devil and temptation and show they reject evil.

What do many Muslims do in Ramadan 

Many Muslims recite the whole Quran. This allows Muslims to remember the importance of the teachings and their importance in their daily lives. Muslims will fast, complete charity and please God.

The day of ashura and importance 

is the day of remembrance  of Husayn death on 10 October 680ce in the battle of karbala were he was outnumbered by caliph Yazids I army. his death is a symbol of struggle against injustices and oppressions 

What is involved in walking between the two hills 

After circling the ka aba pilgrims walk 7 times between the hills safa and Marwah then earthy collect zamzam water this is significant because it remembers Hajiras search for water and the miraculous appearance of the well of zamzam

What other type of charity could Muslims also give 

 Some may pay a Sadaqah, which is a voluntary payment on top of zakat.

Quotation for shahadah 

I declare that there is no God but Allah, And Muhammed is His messenger.’

Tawallah 

To be loving towards the friends of God including Muhammad and the imams 

What are the greater jihad

● Personalstruggle

● Keep the five pillars

● Purifyone’sheartfromevil.

● Devote life to God resisting temptations.

quotations for hajj

And proclaim that the people should observe Hajj pilgrimage.’ (Qur’an)

‘For a single man [who goes on Hajj] of a believing family Allah will forgive all the sins of that family.’ (Qur’an)

What happens on hajj

• enter a state of ihram 
• circling the ka aba 
• walking between the two hills 
• standing at Arafat 
• throwing pebbles at Mina 
• sacrificing an animal 

Amr bil maruf

Encouraging what is good 

How do people commemorate  ashura 

Re-enacting what happened with plays, grief and mourning by eating themselves and cut themselves to feel the pain husayn felt but not recommended and others go on pilgrimage to Iraq to see his tomb 

What is significant about standing at Arafat 

● Arafat is where Muhammad preached his last sermon.

● They spend the afternoon in prayer.

● God will forgive those who stand at Arafat.

What is involved in entering a state of ihram 

They must enter a state of purity by a ritual washing,praying and putting on ihram clothes which is two sheets of white cloth and women don’t wear this but normally wear a single colour normally white 

What is the night of power and how is it important 

Night of Power is an important festival that marks the beginning of God’s revelation. Observing the Night of Power give Muslims benefits of worshipping for a thousand months. Muslims try to keep awake on each possible night of each, devoting to prayers and studying the Quran.

how did eid ul fitr originate 

It originated from Muhammad after he had arrived from Madinna after having fled from peresecution in makkah and told the people that God set away two days of festivals id ul fitr, I’d ul adha

What is involved in circling the ka aba

.

● Pilgrims circle the Ka’aba seven times, anti-clockwise at Makkah at the Grand mosque 

and as they walk they touch the black stone or raise their towards if they pass

How can you pay zakat

Muslims can choose how to pay, some pay in gold. It can be paid directly to a charity like Islamic relief.

Quote for lesser jihad 

The best Jihad is the word of justice in front of an oppressive ruler.’ (attributed to the Prophet Muhammed)

How do Muslims prepare for prayer 

Muslims must be spiritually clean before they pray. This is achieved by a ritual washing called Wudu, following special instructions so they do it in the right order. Mosques have special rooms for this and running water is used. In the desert a dry wash of sand and dust can be used. It allows man to fully concentrate on prayer.

Must be facing the holy city of Mecca. Mosques have a Mihrab, which shows the direction of prayer. A special compass can be used to find the direction. A special carpets, set out the space for prayer. Prayers are led by an Imam. Men and women pray in separate spaces.

Which prayers do Shia Muslims do 

Shia Muslims pray three times a day, combining sunset and night prayers(maghrib and Isha) and midday and afternoon.(zuhr and fajr)

Which people are excused the fast duting Ramadan

People can be excused like pregnant women, nursing mothers, babies, young children and those who are ill. Some older children, may fast for a shorter length of time to help prepare themselves. It helps empathise with the poor.