Section 1
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What is NEC?
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (87)
Section 1
(50 cards)
What is NEC?
Bowel inflammation that is life-threatening as gas dissects within the wall.
Where should a breathing tube be placed in an infant?
A few centimeters above the carina
What can be caused by malrotation?
Volvulus or ischemia
What area of the bowel does Hirschsprung present first?
Starts at the rectum and moves upward
How is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis treated?
Myotomy (cut wall in the pyloric channel that is too long and too thick)
What is tracheal tube placement important?
Can go into the right main stem
How is testicular carcinoma diagnosed?
Ultrasound; will involve lymph nodes higher in the abdomen because sex organs drop in utero
What infants are affected by NEC?
Premie, low birth weight babies a few weeks after birth
What illness would a boot-shaped heart indicate?
tetralogy of Fallot
What is respiratory distress syndrome?
Preterm babies have alveolar collapse, main cause of death in newborns, develop chronic lung disease
What is the 0 value of a Hounsfield unit based off of?
Water
What is the definition of ischemia?
Decrease/restriction in blood flow
How is a dermoid diagnosed?
CT/MRI
What is a retropharyngeal abscess?
Pocket of infection in the "danger space"; can extend into mediastinum
What is another name for Transient Tachypnea of Newborn?
"wet lung disease" because of retained fluid (will improve on its own)
What are orchids another word for?
Testis
What does a Hounsfield unit measure?
Density in CT
How is congenital heart disease diagnosed in infants?
Echo (cardiac ultrasound)
How is Hirschsprung's Disease diagnosed?
water-soluble BE, confirm with biopsy
T/F: Hirschprung is a functional bowel disease.
True
What is the importance of the falciform ligament in newborns?
Umbilical connection to mother's blood supply
How is intussusception diagnosed?
Ultrasound (radiograph may suggest)
What causes Hirschsprung?
Lack of cells for peristalsis
What organ is "large" in a ped (until age 12-15) and then begins to shrink?
Thymus
What diagnostic study would be completed to diagnose esophageal atresia in an infant?
esophogram
How is cardiomegaly diagnosed?
Cardiac echo (ultrasound)
What is the steeple sign mean (loss of shouldering of the trachea)?
Croup bronchiolitis
What is the foramen ovale?
a hole between the right and left atrium
What is nephritis?
inflammation of the kidney
What is hydronephrosis?
A condition characterized by excess fluid in a kidney due to a backup of urine. Can kill nephrons
How is renal cell carcinoma diagnosed?
CT or MRI
What specific age group does intussusception affect?
6 month-3.5 year olds
Where does an object typically go if aspirated?
Right mainstem
What is atresia?
Not having an opening where there should be one
What is the importance of inspiratory/expiratory views for foreign object aspiration?
To see if lungs inflate/deflate
How is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis diagnosed?
Ultrasound
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn
Self-limiting disease in newborns, mostly in c-section babies
What is the main cause of death in newborns?
Respiratory distress syndrome
What is a dermoid?
Cyst containing fluid and dermoid tissue (hair, skin, teeth)
Round pneumonia
Looks like cancer because children do not have the same alveolar structure as adults, pneumonia stays in a pocket
Where does intussusception typically present?
Distal ileum into colon
What are some important questions to ask about foreign body aspiration?
What did they eat? Is it radioopaque? What it swallowed or breathed in?
What is pyelonephritis?
kidney infection
What bowel obstructions typically affect children?
bowel atresia, hernia, intussesception
How many anomalies are associated with the tetralogy of Fallot?
4
What is cryptorchidism?
undescended testes; increases cancer risk
In what age baby does meconium aspiration typically occur?
Term/preterm
What are babies that aspirate meconium prone to?
Pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum
What is torsion?
Cut off blood flow, time-sensitive, confirmed with ultrasound
In what age baby does surfactant deficiency typically occur?
Preterm babies
Section 2
(37 cards)