Section 1
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Logistic Growth
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Last updated
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Date created
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Cards (67)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Logistic Growth
population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity
Uniform Distribution
evenly spaced, some organisms maintain evenly distributed spacing to avoid aggressive interactions between neighbors
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
the total primary production of an ecosystem
Predation
an interaction between species in which one species (the predator) eats the other (the prey)
Clumped Distribution
individual aggregated patches, some organisms group together where food is abundant
Type III Surviorship Curve
very high death rates for the young and then declines for those few individuals that survive the early period (insects)
Phosphorus Cycle
cycling of this nutrient through geologic processes such as erosion and sedimentation
Community
all the organisms that inhabit a particular area; as assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction
Abiotic
nonliving; referring to physical and chemical properties of an environment
Ecosystem
all the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact
Batesian Mimicry
a type of mimicry in which a harmless species look like a species that is poisonous or harmful to predators
Herbivore
an animal that eats mainly plants or algae
Niche
the sum of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment
Carnivore
an animal that mainly eats other animals
Commensalism
a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed
R-Selected
reside in unstable environment, have many offspring early in life, mature earlier, shorter life span, no parental care
Photoautotrophs
an organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Population
a localized group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring
Exponential Growth
growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, (represented by a J-Shaped curve when population size is plotted over time)
Carrying Capacity
the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, (symbolized by K)
Mullerian Mimicry
a mutual mimicry by two unpalatable species
Symbiosis
an ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact
Nitrogen Fixation
the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by special bacteria
Biosphere
the entire portion of earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's ecosystems
Trophic Levels
the positions organisms occupy in a food chain
Mutualism
a symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit
Interspecific Competition
competition for resources between individuals of two or more species when resources are in short supply
Primary Succession
a type of ecological succession that occurs in an area where there were originally no organisms present and where soil has not yet formed
Detritivore
a consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organism (a decomposer)
Random Distribution
unpredictable spacing, some plants grow in random groups if their seeds were windblown across an area
Food Chain
the pathway along which food energy is transferred from trophic level to trophic level, beginning with producers
Type I Surivorship Curve
low death rates during early/middle life then increase among older age groups (humans)
Secondary Consumer
a carnivore that eats herbivores
Food Web
the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem
Primary Consumer
a herbivore; an organism that eats plants or other autotrophs
Parasitism
a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another (the host) by living either within or on its host
Competitive Exclusion Principle
the concept that when populations of two similar species compete for the same limited resources, one population will use the resources more efficiently and have a reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to the elimination of the other population
Pioneer Species
the first species to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem
Type II Surviorship Curve
constant death rate over the organism's life span
Nitrogen Cycle
this nutrient is converted to compounds that can be assimilated by plants then returned in gas form to the atmosphere; all processes rely on bacteria
Cryptic Coloration
camouflage that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background
K-Selected
stabilize around carrying capacity, have fewer offspring later in life, mature later, live longer and invest more parental care
Density Dependent
any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
the gross primary production of an ecosystem minus the energy used by the producers for respiration
Aposematic Coloration
the bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators
Biotic
pertaining to the living organisms in the environment
Carbon Cycle
forming the framework of organic molecules, photosynthesis & cellular respiration circulate this nutrient
Keystone Species
a species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet experts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche
Secondary Succession
a type of succession that occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil or substance intact
Water Cycle
this nutrient cycle involves evaporation from the earth & transpiration from plants and falls then by precipitation back down to the earth to begin the cycle again
Section 2
(17 cards)