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AP Biology - Chapter 15

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Section 1

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deletion

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (26)

Section 1

(26 cards)

deletion

Front

a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage; a mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene

Back

map units

Front

a unit of measurement of the distance between genes. one map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency

Back

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front

a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue

Back

nondisjunction

Front

an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other

Back

cytogenic maps

Front

a chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope

Back

genetic recombination

Front

general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent

Back

trisomic

Front

referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two

Back

klinefelter syndrome

Front

XXY, people with this disorder have male sex organs, but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile

Back

linked genes

Front

genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together

Back

monosomic

Front

referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two

Back

genetic map

Front

an ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome

Back

recombinant type (recombinant)

Front

an offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also refers to the phenotype itself

Back

sex-linked gene

Front

a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance

Back

chromosome theory of inheritance

Front

a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns

Back

hemophila

Front

a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury

Back

duplication

Front

an aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated

Back

crossing over

Front

the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis

Back

linkage map

Front

a genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes

Back

parental type

Front

an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself

Back

translocation

Front

an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome

Back

down syndrome

Front

a human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects

Back

polyploidy

Front

a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. it is the result of an accident of cell division

Back

inversion

Front

an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated

Back

turner syndrome

Front

XO, people with this disorder are phenotypically female, they are sterile because their sex organs do not mature

Back

aneuploidy

Front

a chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or deficient in number

Back

wild type

Front

an individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself

Back