Section 1
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Nok Culture
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (200)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Nok Culture
earliest known West African culture; consisted of farmers, first to smelt iron weapons and tools; traded; Settled in Jenne-Jenno near Niger river, also located on important trade routes
Middle Passage
sea journey under taken by slave ships form west africa to west indies
Ziggurat
a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians
Paleolithic
moved frequently and in regular patterns from plants and animals
Chimu
powerful Peruvian civilization based on conquest. Located in the region earlier dominated by Moche. Conquered by Inca in 1465.
Polytheism
believes in many gods
Empire
political systems that exercise coercive power
Olmecs
(1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization, lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups. Famous for giant stone heads
Mandate of Heaven
for rulers, believed they were chosen divinely
30 years war
(1618-1648) Protestant territories ion Bohemia challenged the authority of Holy Roman Catholic emperor
Oligarch
one of several people who rule a country or empire together, sharing the power
Copernicious
developed a theory that the earth revolves around the sun; Europe
Caste
system of dividing society into classes
Quran
the holy bible for islam
Code of Hammurabi
the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to 1790 BCE, the earliest legal code known in its entirety
Trading Post Empire
settlement established for trading in a remote area
Renaissance
the revival of art and literature under influences of classic models
Cuneiform
Sumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets
Feudalism
social system in Europe
Persian Wars
greek cities united against Persia 490 BC
Mercantilism
country actively sought to trade
Triumvirate
in ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government
Ma'at
the Egyptian concept of truth, justice, and cosmic order, represented by a goddess, often portrayed with a feather upon her head
Rationalism
a belief that opinion and actions that are based on reason and knowledge rather than religion
Zapotecs
civilization that flourished in southern Mexico's Oaxaca Valley (c. 500 B.C.E. to C.E. 600)
Silk Roads
flourishing land trade route
Helot
status between slaves and citizens
Vasco de gama
rounded cape of good hope, and went to India
Hegemony
the consistent dominance of one state or ideology over others
Persepolis
persian empires ancient capital audience hall venue
Maritime
connected with sea in relation to sea faring commercial or military
Assyrians
known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire
Minoans
earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C.
Aryans
Indo-European speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BC and greatly affected Indian society. Established caste system in Indus valley
National Seclusion Policy
Stopped Japanese from traveling and foreigners visiting Japan
Commerce
social dealings between people
Pictograms
the earliest forms of writing in which pictures represent words or ideas
Ideograms
a writting method used by the Chinese that represent ideas and concepts rather than specific pronunciations
Gilgamesh
the epic story of the king, Gilgamesh, who searched for immortality/ a Sumerian legend
Hoplite
a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece; moved around in groups called phalanxes
Oracle Bones
one of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient Chinese priests to communicate with the gods
Nationalism
patriotic feeling principles or efforts over other countries
Monotheism
believes in one god
Tribute System
a payment made to a ruler of state
Satrapy
the twenty provinces that Darius divided the empire into; each province was ruled by a governor
Pax Romana
the roman peace, era of imperial comes creates authority
Mauryan
large scale political system
Bushido
code of honor and morals developed by japanese samurai
Teotihuacan
a powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B.C.-750 A.D.). It's population was 150,000 in its peak in 600 CE; largest city in the Americas; remembered for giant Pyramid of the Sun
Tokugawa shogunate
strict and rigid government that ruled Japan until 1868
Section 2
(50 cards)
Treaty of Nanjing
Unequal treaty with Britain and china
Sino-Japan War
War between China and Japan over Korea. Japan won easily with their navy, making Korea dependent on them.
Russian serfdom
Peasants forced to live on land as serfs and provide labor. Supported capitalism by creating raw materials.
Ivan III
Stopped paying tribute to Mongols, declaring Russia's independence from them.
Heresy Movements
Movement that was against the church and materialism in society. They were Christian, but wanted people to live simple lives. Some known as Waldensians.
Wounded Knee
Accidental shooting by Sioux caused US cavalry to shoot many native women, men, and children in South Dakota.
Witch hunts
People believed bad things happened bc of witches, so they began killing them. Most were poor, old, widowed women.
Great Depression
U.S stock market crag see in 1929
Estates General
Regime made of 3 estates (church officials, nobles, and everyone else) Each estate had one vote.
Manifests destiny
The idea that the United States would be a successful country and spread from Atlantic to Pacific
Anti-Comintern Pact
1936 forming the beginning of an alliance with Germany and Japan that would eventually lead to a more formal one during ww2
Little Ice Age
Temps went down all over the world. Agriculture decreased and led to famine and starvation.
Bay of Pigs
1961 Kennedy authorized a small force of Cuban exiles who were quickly captured and killed
Conservative
A person who believed society should change slowly. Edmund Burke believed you were obligated to not change your ancestor's ideas.
Columbian Exchange
Global spread of diseases, plants, food crops, animals, and human populations. Worst problem was disease.
Mechanization
Machines replaced people in the workplace
Prince Henry
Prince of Portugal who greatly influenced exploration. Created school of navigation and sponsored voyages down W African coast.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Established a longtitudinal line b/w Portugal and Spain
Putting-Out System
System made by entrepreneurs. Gave raw material to countryside homes, people at homes would finish it, they would get paid, and entrepreneurs would sell it.
Isolationism
Neutrality to focus on its own affairs
Liberal
A person who believed change was normal. Wanted to maintain best interests of society. Believe in equality of people.
French Revolution
3rd estate split and created National Assembly. Goals of "life, liberty, and fraternity". Got rid of feudal system, church's power, and created constitutional govt.
Inquisition
Mission to abolish Judaism, Islam, and heresy founded by Isabel and Ferdanand. Hung, burned, imprisoned, and forced many into silence.
Chivalry
Informal code of laws for a standard of ethics for nobles.
John Calvin
French lawyer who was a Protestant Christian. Made Protestant community with code of discipline and morality.
Jesuits
Members of society of Jesus. Well educated and good missionaries. Founded universities.
Toussaint
Led slaves in revolts in Haitian revolution. Built good army and made constitution with equality and citizenship for all residents
Bastille
Prison/royal jail in Paris that was stormed by the common people in France. The start of individual rights (their 4th of July)
Troubadours
Traveling poets, minstrels, and entertainers who aristocratic women supported.
Nelson Mandela
1950s in Africa, leader of the African National Congress, to abolish apartheid ( separation of races)
Canadian Independence
Independence from Britain came gradually. Created provinces and provinces were united in Dominion of Canada.
United Nations
1945 to replace failed League of Nations
Omdurman
Battle between British (with guns) and Muslims (without guns). Killed many Muslims and showed just how powerful the Europeans were.
Capitalism
Market driven economy; economy when private parties make goods available on a free market for profit. Business choices aren't made by government.
Crystal Palace
World fair building made of glass and metal where goods from all over were sold. Demonstrated industrial advances in society and excited people.
Magellan
First to circumnavigate the world.
German Unification
Political leaders wanted to bring German speaking people together. Prussian prime minister Bismarck created a strong army and had three wars that were easily won. Prussian king named himself emperor.
Russo-Japan War
War between Russia and Japan over Liaodong peninsula, Korea, and Manchuria. Japan won and became major imperial power.
Quipu
Memorization aid for record keeping used by Inca administrators.
Guilds
Group of people of a certain skill. Sets prices, quality standards, and worker requirements for their products. Live together in community and help eachother.
Indian Removal Act
Forced all Indians east of the Mississippi to move to Indian Territory in Oklahoma
Treaty of Brest-litovsk
Ceceded a huge piece of western Russia to Germany, so Russia dropped out of wwI
Henry VIII
King of England who had conflict with pope over divorce. Removed England from Roman Catholic Church and created his own that he was the pope of.
American Government
New govt. formed by the constitution. Used enlightenment ideas and emphasized individual rights for white, property-owning men
Eunuchs
Bright, young boys who were recruited by govt. to work for them & not have kids that will threaten emperor.
Nazi Soviet Pact
1939 Stalin and hurler agreed that Germany would not invade Soviet Union
Mexican American War
War between US and Mexico over Texas after Texas declared independence from Mexico. US won and signed Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, buying Cali, Texas, and New Mexico for $15 million.
Black Death
Disease spread by flees that began in SW China and was spread by Mongols & trade. Caused a population decline for many centuries to come.
Child Labor
Kids worked long hours away from home and were beaten, etc., but parents kept sending them bc they needed the money. Laws were passed and school became child's priority.
Abolition
Slave trade ended, but it took longer to abolish slavery-eventually happened, but blacks were still not equal.
Section 3
(50 cards)
Demography
The branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations and changes in those populations.
Semitic
family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa, including Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician
Mohenjo-Daro
largest of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization
Scribe
in the governments of many ancient societies, a professional position reserved for men who had undergone the lengthy training required to be able to read and write using cuneiforms, hieroglyphics, or other early, cumbersome writing systems
Neo-Confucianism
a philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism changed the main teachings of Confucianism
city-state
a small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory
Bubonic Plague
a plague that comes from germ-carrying fleas; largely known for it's biggest outbreak called the Black Death during the Dark Ages killed over a third of the population as the Black Death
Minoan
prosperous civilization on the Aegan island of Crete in the 2nd millennium
nobility
A small social class of elite people and families who perform political, military, and administrative duties for a ruler or king. This class had immense power and social influence over the other classes.
Great Circuit
The network of Atlantic Ocean trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.
Liberalism
stressed limited government; urged importance of constitutional role and parliaments
Romanticism
held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature, sought to portray passions not calm reflection
propaganda
Information aimed at positively or negatively influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people. -Advertisements, speeches, commercials, TV shows, newspapers, and almost any type of media could be used to present propaganda. It may be unclear that what the viewer is seeing IS even propaganda.
Indentured Servants
People who are contracted to work for another person in order to get goods or passage
chiefdom
A system of government in which the leader relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people
Mulattoes
A person of mixed black and white ancestry. This is also part of the Caste system.
Luddites
responded to the replacement of their labor by machines during the Industrial Revolution by attempting to destroy machines
Benjamin Disraeli
granted the vote to working class men in 1867
cuneiform
a system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables; originated in Mesopotamia
Mesitzos
Someone of mixed European and Native Descent. This term is specifically used when talking of the Caste system
Mass Deportation
the forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire populations, sometimes used to warn others the consequences of rebelling
Janissaries
Conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as ottoman infantry divisions
Loess
a fine, light silt deposited by wind and water
Feudalism (Japan and Europe)
a political and social system that developed during the middle ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service created a time of peace for a while.
absolutism
A form of government, usually (but not always) a hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.
Socialism
Wanted state controls of the means of production and an end to the capatilistic exploitation of the working class
Indian Ocean trade
a set of trade routes in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea; connected India, Eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, China, and Indonesia created much cultural diffusion
Population Revolution
huge growth in population in western europe beginning in 1730
pandemic
An epidemic that is geographically widespread and affects a large proportion of the population in multiple regions.
Shaykhs
leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually possessed large herds, several wives, and many children.
globalization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope, usually propelled by economic transactions.
Iron Age
the period which iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons
Foot-Binding
practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household; smaller feet was considered pretty made a lot of women unable to walk
Peloponnesian War
a protracted and costly conflict between Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world. Sparta won because of Athenian errors and Persian financial support
prehistoric
before written history
Bedouin
nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats.
Chavin
the first major urban civilization in South America
pharaoh
the central figure in the ancient Egyptian state. Believed to be an earthly manifestation of the gods, he used his absolute power to maintain the safety and prosperity of Egypt
Stone Age
the historical period characterized by the production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances
nomad
A member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water or following animals or the seasons.
imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically. Also, the act of building empire.
Serf
A peasant farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked. She or he cannot leave and live elsewhere. Generally refers to Middle Ages in Europe but didn't end until 19th Century in Russia.
Feminist Movement
sought legal and economic gains for women, equal access to jobs and higher education
Hieroglyphics
a system of writing in which pictorial symbols represented sounds, syllables, or concepts
100 years war (1337-1453)
series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families united the French when they became victorious
Code of Justinian
compilation of the complex system of old Roman laws; became the system of laws for the Byzantine Empire introduced a new set of laws
Sumerians
the people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through th end of the third millennium
Revisionism
believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions
neolithic
10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. The term "Neolithic" refers to the period after the adoption of agriculture.
aristocracy
A class of persons holding special rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility.
Section 4
(50 cards)