Section 1
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momentum
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (115)
Section 1
(50 cards)
momentum
vector quality, cannot be canceled, directional, depends on velocity
can work be positive or negative?
yes
equation for work
force x distance
crest
highest part of the wave
refraction
the bending of a wave as it passes obliquely from one medium into another speed, the wave has to change speed
electromagnetic waves
no medium is needed,
destructive interferance
results in smaller amplitude, crest of wave overlaps the trough
unit of work
joule
equation for kinetic energy in a moving object
net force x distance
reflection
the turing of a wave when it reaches the boundary of the medium through which it is traveling
kinetic energy
scalar quantity, cannot be cancelled, depends on the square of velocity
wavelength
the shortest distance between two points of a phase
if the object of the speed is doubled
the kinetic energy is quadrupled
potential energy
stored energy, may do work
longitudinal wave
displacement of the particles of the medium are PARALLEL to the direction of the wave
diffraction
the spreading of a wave around an opening or barrier
equation of kinetic energy
1/2 x mass x speed x speed OR 1/2 x mass x v^2 (squared)
work energy theorem
the gain or reduction of energy is work
waves
a disturbance that propagates through a material medium or a space
doubling the speed of an object
requires 4 times the amount of work
transverse wave
displacement of paricles of the medium is PERPENDICULAR to the direction of the wave
potential energy
depends on the gravitational position
mechanical wave
happens when energy is needed to create a disturbance through an elastic medium
constructive interferance
results in large amplitude, crest of wave overlaps the other crest of a wave
frequency
number of complete vibrations per unit of time
amplitude
the maximum displacement of a particle across an equilibrium position
doplar effect
observed frequency is higher when the source/obsrver is getting closer
free-end termination
the reflected wave is upright when it reflects from a less dense medium
equation of efficiency
useful energy output/total energy input
work
involves force and distance
mechanical energy
due to the position or movement or both
equation of power
work done divided by the time interval
fixed-end termination
the reflected wave is inverted when it reflects from a less dense medium
interferance
superposition of two more waves
sign curve
the traced out path of a vibration (wave)
speed of light
186,000 miles per second
period
the shortest time interval when the motion of the wave repeats itself
trough
lowest part of the wave
equation of potential energy
mass x acceleration
power
the measure of how fast work is done
lever
rotates on a support called a fulcrum
law of reflection
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
standing wave
result of two or more waves of the same wavelenght, frequency, and amplitude traveling in opposite directions at the same medium
velocity
speed of the wave
kinetic energy
depends on the mass and speed
doplar effect
observed frequency is lower when the source/observer is getting farther
unit of power
watt
surface
the combination of transverse and longitude waves
pulley
operates like a level with equal arms
a wave at 0 displacement
the particles velocity is at max
Section 2
(50 cards)
"high pitched"
less than 4000 Hz
ripid vibrations
higher pitch
sound
the original vibration stimulates the vibration of something else
light depends on:
the frequency of the light, the angle the light reaches the boundary, the nature of the media
lens
any transparent object having two nonparallel curved surfaces on one plane surface and on another curved surface
when each degree rises above 0 degrees...
the speed of sound in the air increases by .6 m/s
concave mirrors
convergent mirrors because they converge parallel rays of light through a focus
Translucent
transmits, but defuses light; we cannot clearly see the objects through them
if the object is beyond two focal lengths
the image is reduced, real, and inverted
If the object is on the focus
o image, the rays are reflected parallel
virtual images
always upright, always behind the mirror, negative image distance
if the object is exactly twice the focal length
the image is real, inverted, and the same size
where can young people most hear pitch
20-20,000 Hz
infrasonic
sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz, we cannot hear them
virtual images
not formed by actual rays of converging light, but from where the rays of light appear to come
what can the average human ear hear
up to 18,000 hz
when light travels from a more dense area to a less dense area
the ray is refracted away from the normal
2nd law of reflection
the incident and reflected rays and the normal are coplanar
speed in water vs. speed in air
speed in water is 4x speed in air
sound waves are...
longitudal waves, require a medium, travel through solids, liquids, and gases
if the object is on the focus:
there is no image, the rays reflect parallel
If the object is on the center of the curvature
image is real, inverted, and the same size
wave motion
waves transfer energy not matter,
plane mirror images:
are virtual, upright, the same size as the object
If the object is beyond the center of the curvature
image is real, inverted, and reduced
total internal refraction:
when light enters a new medium and speeds up
speed in steel vs. speed in air
speed in steel is 15x speed in air
warm air is faster than
cold air
Opaque
transmits no light; cannot see through them
frequency
how frequently a vibration occurs
what intensity range is the human ear sensitive to
3500 Hz
convex mirrors
divergent because they diverge parallel rays of light away from the virtual focus
Transparent:
readily transmitters objects; we can clearly see objects through them
if the object between one and two focal lengths
image is real, inverted and enlarged
real images
inverted, always in front of the mirror, positive image distance
visible light spectrum range:
400 nm to 760 nm
equation for wave speed
frequency x wavelength
If the object is inside the focus:
image is virtual, upright, and enlarged
Visible light:
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that stimulates the retina of the eye
speed of dry air
is 330 m/s
unit of frequency
Hertz (Hz)
If the object is between center of the curv and focus
the image is real, inverted, and enlarged
pitch
determined by the freqnecy of sound waves in the ear
when light travels from a less dense area to a more dense area
the ray is refracted towards the normal
ultrasonic
sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz, cannot hear them
If the object is inside the focus:
the image is virtual, upright, and enlarged
1st law of reflection
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
real images
formed by actual rays of converging light
images formed by converging lenses:
- real, virtual, or non-existent - upright or inverted - reduced, enlarged, or same size - in front of or behind lenses
slow, low frequencies
lower pitch
Section 3
(15 cards)