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UMD OS Exam 1

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

Section 1

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How does the CPU share resources?

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

How does the CPU share resources?

Front

The device controller informs the CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt.

Back

Summary of the main components of the OS:

Front

* processor, main mem, I/O modules, system bus * Instruction execution * Interrupt Processing * Design of Multicore processor

Back

Program Interrupts

Front

Generated by some condition from an instruction execution

Back

Know how to do Fetch Stage Execute Stage

Front

:)

Back

I/O Interrupts

Front

Generated by the I/O controller

Back

Where is the Programmable interrupt controller (PIC)?

Front

It's part of the "Southbridge" chip

Back

Know the Multicore architecture

Front

Core - L1 - Switch - L2 - Memory. He has a nice diagram in his notes.

Back

Two approaches to handle Multiple Interrupts

Front

* disable interrupts while an interrupt is being processed * use a priority scheme

Back

Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) organization (know how it interacts with the components of the System Bus)

Front

:)

Back

Processes are always doing one of three things:

Front

executing, waiting to execute, or blocked waiting for an event to occur.

Back

List the storage-device hierarchy from fast/expensive - slow/cheap.

Front

* registers (volatile) * cache (volatile) * main memory (volatile) * electronic disk * magnetic disk * optical disk * magnetic tapes

Back

Multicore Computer

Front

Combines 2 or more cores on a single piece of silicon. Multicore chips also include L2 cache and sometimes L3 cache.

Back

Anatomy of a process.

Front

Executable File, Process's address space, and process control block

Back

What is Main Memory?

Front

* Volatile - contents of the memory is lost when the computer is shut down * Referred to as real or primary memory

Back

What are the components of storage?

Front

* Main memory - the only large storage media that the CPU can access directly * Secondary storage - extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity * Magnetic disks - rigid metal or glass platters covered with magnetic recording material

Back

What are the basic elements of the OS?

Front

* Processor * Main Memory * I/O modules * System bus

Back

What is an OS?

Front

a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer's hardware.

Back

What is the Kernel?

Front

The central module of an operating system. It is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory.

Back

Timer interrupt

Front

Generated by a timer within the processor.

Back

What is I/O Modules?

Front

Moves data between the computer and external environments such as: storage (hard drives), communications equipment, and terminals

Back

What is the two-state process model?

Front

Process may be in one of two states: running, or not running. A process is dispatched, then may pause or exit.

Back

Hardware Failure Interrupts

Front

Generated by hardware failure

Back

What is the processor?

Front

* Controls the operation of the computer * Performs the data processing functions * Referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Back

What is the System Bus?

Front

Provides for communication among processors, main memory, and I/O modules

Back

What is a process?

Front

A program in execution. An instance of a program running on a computer. The entity that can be assigned to and executed on a processor.

Back

Replacement Algorithm for caching

Front

Least Recently Used (LRU) Algorithm - replace a block that has been in the cache the longest with no references to it.

Back

What are the two methods of Transfer of Control with Multiple Interrupts?

Front

Sequential (complete entire instruction before handling interrupt) and Nested (Handle interrupts within interrupts)

Back

What is the Process Control Block?

Front

Contains the process elements. Created and managed by the operating system. Allows for the support of multiple processes.

Back

What are the common classes of interrupts?

Front

* Program * Timer * I/O * Hardware failure

Back

What is Context Switching?

Front

Switching the CPU to another process. It requires saving the state of the old process and loading the saved state for the new process.

Back

What are some goals of an OS

Front

* Execute user programs * Make the computer system easy to use * Make effective and efficient use of the computer hardware

Back