Section 1
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common law
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Date created
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Cards (260)
Section 1
(50 cards)
common law
law created by court decision rather than by legislative action
autism
A neural developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive behaviors
angina
condition in which chest pain occurs from ischemia
bariatrics
Area of health care that deals with the origin, prevention, and treatment of obesity
computed (axial) tomography (CAT or CT)
computer synthesis of x rays transmitted through a specific plane of the body
assessment
measurement or assigned value by which physical therapists make a clinical judgement
aerobic training
exercise program that uses oxygen as the major energy source
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
also known as Lou Gehrig's disease; rapidly progressive neurological disorder associated with a degeneration of the motor nerve cells
chronic inflammation
low-grade, protracted inflammatory process
akinesia
poverty of movements
active resisted exercise
joint movement in which an external force resists the movement
cerebral palsy (CP)
group of conditions caused by a nonprogressive lesion on the brain. Most often CP has origin during gestation (before birth), at birth, or immediately after birth and is caused by an interruption of oxygen to the brain of the fetus or newborn
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
grafting (attaching) a small artery or a leg vein to a point beyond the blockage or plaque
dermis
portion of the skin directly under the dermis; it is made up of fibrous connective tissue and supports sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerves and nerve endings, blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles, and their allied smooth muscle
bursitis
inflammation of bursae, fluid-filled sacs located throughout the body that decrease the friction between two structures
deductible
amount of money that must be paid by insured before a health insurer will assume any liability for covered services
anencephaly
a form of neural tube defect that results from a lack of the neural tube closure at the base of the brain. It is not compatible with life and results in fetal death or death shortly after delivery
adaptive equipment
pieces of equipment that allow individuals to perform functional tasks with increased ease or independence
conducting airways
passageways and tubes that allow air to pass into or out of the lungs
activities of daily living (ADLS)
activities in which individuals participates daily to meet their basic needs
cardiac catheterization
passage of a catheter (a flexible tube) into an artery in the arm or leg, then along the artery to reach the heart and measure pressure, inject dye, or take a tissue sample
congestive heart failure (CHF)
condition in which the heart muscle is compromised to the point that it cannot move blood volume effectively
active range of motion (AROM)
ability of the patient to voluntarily move a limb through an arc of movement
closed kinetic chain exercise
exercise incorporating several muscle groups through the use of several joints with the end segment fixed
contract
agreement between two or more persons that creates a legal obligation to do, or not do, a particular thing
cystic fibrosis (CF)
most common inherited chronic pulmonary disease among white children, characterized by production of thick mucus with progressive lung damage
collagen
supportive, strong, and fibrous connective tissue protein that is found in the dermis, tendon, cartilage, fascia, ligament, and bone
clubfoot
disorder in which the foot is turned inward and slanted upward
arterial insufficiency
deficiency or occlusion of blood flow through an artery
aquatic physical therapy
Therapeutic use of water for rehabilitation or prevention of injury
client
individual who seeks the services of a physical therapist to maintain health, or a business that hires a physical therapist as a consultant
assistive device
device that provides individuals with assistance to perform tasks or during periods of mobility
civil law
law of a jurisdiction concerned with private rights and remedies; the administration of justice involving the violation of private duties owed by individuals
accessory motion
ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll, and spin on one another
brunnstrom approach
neurologic technique based on the natural sequence of recovery after stroke
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
group of disorders that produce certain specific physical symptoms, including chronic productive cough, excessive mucus production, changes in the sound produced when air passes through the bronchial tubes, and shortness of breath
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
cardiac muscle dysfunction
various pathologic conditions associated with heart failure
blood gas analysis
assessment of blood (usually arterial) to determine the con-centrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide
criminal law
administration of justice, through the enforcement of the criminal code of a state or of the united states; involves violations of duties owed to society at large
bradykinesia
slowness of movements
code of ethics
principles set forth for the physical therapy profession by APTA for maintaining and promoting ethical practice
active assisted range of motion
joint movement in which the patient may be assisted either manually or mechanically through an arc of movement
angiography
technique in which radiopaque material is injected into the blood vessels to better visualize and identify problem such as occlusion (blockage) of blood vessels, aneurysms, and vascular malformations
certification
process by which state legally regulates the use of professional title without creating a separate scope of practice. state law will not permit use of the title unless state standards are met. This differs from the private certification offered by private organizations for meeting the standards of that organization. CHAPTER
autonomous practice
services provided by physical therapists using independent, professional judgement within their scope of practice
cryotherapy
application of cold agents to cause decreases in blood flow and metabolism, which result in a decrease in swelling and pain
cardiac pacemaker
electronic device that produces a pulse to control heart depolarization
coronary heart disease (CHD)
arteriosclerosis, or a hardening of the arteries, affecting the coronary vessels
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
Section 2
(50 cards)
foundation for physical therapy
organization, separate from APTA, that promotes and provides financial support for scientific research, clinical research, and health services research in physical therapy
eclectic approach
combination of therapeutic approaches used by the physical therapist and thought to be useful for treatment of a given client
diagnosis
final interpretation of findings based on examinations
evaluation
judgment based on an examination
disablement process
examination process that focuses on the individual's impairments, functional limitations, disability, and resultant restrictions in activites
dynamic balnce
balance maintained with the body in motion
echocardiography
technique using high-frequency ultrasound to assess the size of the heart chambers, the thickness of the chamber walls, and the motion of the chamber walls and heart valves
direct access
availability of the physical therapist to anyone seeking physical therapy services without stipulation of a referral by another health care provider
discharge
termination of services when goals have been achieved
fracture
break in bone
frail elderly
people over age 65 yrs with conditions that significantly impair their daily function
embolus
clot formed by a substance detached from elsewhere
functional capacity evaluation
examination of a worker's physical abilities to perform required tasks
expiration
breathing out
dynamical systems theory
treatment approach in children that incorporates all of the body's systems with the environment to facilitate or inhibit movements. process of moving rather than the product of movement
dysfunction
any functional disability
examination
process of gathering info about the past and current status of the patient/client
goal-directed movement approach
treatment approach that emphasizes the importance of both task and environmental features as a primary impetus for movement
flexibility exercise
exercise performed over time, using stress, to change the length and elasticity of soft tissue such as muscle; usually performed for postural or ROM enhancement
developmental milestone
movement pattern that appears at a certain stage of growth and development
flexibility
ability to move a limb segment through a range of motion
functional exercise
exercise that mimics functional movements and activates functional movements incorporate strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination
functional limitation
decreased ability of a person to perform a task, without regard to the context or environment
exercise stress testing
noninvasive method of determining how the cardiovascular and pulmonary system respond to controlled increases in activity; most frequently used to diagnose or assess suspected or established cardiovascular disease
expressive aphasia
impaired ability to express oneself
disablement model
conceptual approach to health care based on the functional abilities of the patient/client that results from a medical condition
entitlement
right or privilege
evidence-based practice
interventions used in physical therapy, based on research that demonstrates the reliability and validity of the procedures
epidermis
outer layer of the skin
family assessment
family interview, survey, or discussion used to obtain the family's insights regarding a patient, espically a child; includes family history, relationships, concerns, needs, and resources.
functional reach test
specific balance test that can predict the likelihood of falling
goals
measurable, functional objectives that are linked to a problem identified in a patient evaluation
goniometry
methods to measure and document ROM
electrocardiogram (ECG)
readout produced by placing electrodes on the anterior chest wall to record depolarization or contraction of the heart muscle assess the heart's rate and rhythm
electroencephalography (EEG)
technique for recording the electrical potential or activity in the brain by placing electrodes on the scalp
discontinuation
termination of services as determined by the patient/client or physical therapist
goniometer
instrument used to measure and document ROM
down syndrome
congenital developmental disability caused by a defect of chromosome 21; sometimes called trisomy 21. characterized by low muscle tone, a flat facial profile, upwardly slanted eyes, short stature, varying levels of intellectual ability, slowed growth and development, a small nose with a low nasal bridge, and congenital heart disease
developmental delay
failure to attain predictable movement patterns or behaviors associated with children of a similar chronologic age
enablement process
examination process that focuses on the individual's structural body and concurrent abilities while addressing age-appropriate movement patterns and activites
duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
progressive pelvic muscle weakness and wasting in the male child, combined with enlarged, yet weak, thigh muscles and tight heel cords
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
dislocation resulting from the abnormal development of some of the structures surrounding the hip joint, allowing the head of the femur to move in and out of the hip socket, cause is unknown
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
most severe condition in a continuum of alcohol induced disabilities related to high levels of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
electromyography (EMG)
technique for recording the electrical activity in the muscle during a state of rest and during voluntary contraction
electrical stimulation
application of electricity at specified locations to stimulate nerves, muscles, and other soft tissues to reduce pain and swelling, to increase strength and range of motion, and to facilitate wound healing
ergonomics
relationship between the worker, tasks, and work environment
developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
motor condition in children encompassing a wide range of dysfunctions, including gross or fine motor coordination problems such as awkward running, frequent falling, slow reaction times, immature balance reactions, poor handwriting, and difficulty with activities of daily living such as dressing
ground substance
supportive, amorphous gel like substance secreted by fibro-blasts; fills space between connective tissue fibers and cells
dyspnea
shortness of breath
fluidotherapy
use of a self-contained unit filled with sawdust-type particles heated to the desired temperature and circulated by air pressure around the involved body part
Section 3
(50 cards)
lumbar puncture (LP)
injection of a hypodermic needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space
hypertrophic scar
excess of collagen deposited at the site of a healing or healed wound that is noticeably different from the normal skin; scar remains within the boundaries of the original wound
guide to physical therapist practice
extensive description of the roles and scope of practice of a physical therapist.
hypertonia
high muscle tone
nerve entrapment
pressure on a nerve
manual muscle testing (MMT)
test allowing therapist to assign a specific grade to a muscle based on whether the patient can hold the limb against gravity, how much manual resistance can be tolerated, and whether there is full range of motion at a joint
motor learning
body's mechanism for acquiring or learning voluntar motor control
inflammatory phase
phase of wound healing encompassing vascular reactions that decrease blood loss and initiate vessel repair, and cellular responses that moderate blood loss, fight infection, and provide nutrition and oxygen to initiate and sustain tissue repair
meningocele
benign herniation of the meninges manifesting as a soft tissue cyst or lump that surrounds a normal spinal cord and produces no neurologic deficits
joint mobilization
technique used when a patient's dysfunction is the result of joint stiffness or hypomobility (loss of motion); applies to joint-specific passive movements, either oscillatory (rapid repeated movements) or sustained
ischemia
insufficient oxygenation of tissues resulting from a blocked blood vessel
inspiration
contraction of the muscles of respiration, resulting in an increase in the space contained within the thoracic cavity. this expansion causes the air pressure to drop inside the lungs, resulting in movement of air into the lungs
individualized education plan (IEP)
model using collaboration of therapists, family members, educators, and other health care team members to provide direct intervention in the classroom setting
nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study
study that records the rate at which electrical signals are transmitted along peripheral nerves
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
one of the many rheumatic diseases characterized by an inflammation of the connective tissue that manifests as a painful inflamed joint
maturation phase
phase of wound healing that includes collagen synthesis and lysis, as well as reorientation of the collagen fibers that remain at the wound site; this phase may also be referred to as the remodeling phase.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
creation of a computer image by placing the body part in a magnetic field
hypokinesis
state of decreased activity or movement
muscle strength
maximal amount of tension an individual can produce in one reptition
meningomyelocele
open congenital spinal cord lesion with minimal to no skin protection covering the deeper nerve roots. Most severe of the spinal closure defects that usually results in loss of motor function and sensation of the lower part of the body
neuropathic ulcer
skin lesion caused by a decreased cutaneous sensation that disallows protective responses such as weight transfer; these ulcers are commonly associated with diabetes mellitus
hot pack
pouch filled with silica gel and soaked in thermostatically controlled water
intervention
procedure conducted with the patient/client to achieve the desired outcomes
massage
systematic use of various manual strokes designed to produce certain physiologic, mechanical, and psychological effects
malpractice
failure to do for avoid doing something that a reasonably prudent member of the profession would do, with subsequent injury to a patient/client
muscle endurance
ability to produce and sustain tension over a prolonged period of time
motor control
ability to manipulate movement and nonmovement of the body's musculoskeletal components
history
description of the past and current health status of the patient/client
keloid scar
excess of collagen deposited at the site of a healing or healed wound that is noticeably different from the normal skin; scar commonly extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound
negligence
failure to do something that a reasonably prudent person would do or behavior that would normally not be done under similar circumstances
managed care
arrangement in which an insurance company contracts with health care providers to provide health care to the consumers who subscribe to the insurance plan
LAMP document
document created by the section on Health Policy and Administration of the American Physical Therapy Association that describes behaviors for the development of leadership, administration, management, and professionalism in physical therapy
licensure
process by which the state grants permission to practice a profession to an individual who has met state standards and grants legal recognition to a particular scope of practice
hypomobile joint
joint with less motion than is considered functional
multiple sclerosis (MS)
disease in which patches of demyelination occur in the nervous system, leading to disturbances in conduction of action potentials along the nerves
motor development
age-related processes of change in motor behavior
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
activities that individuals must perform to function in the community
individualized family service plan (IFSP)
detailed total plan of care for the child in the context of the family unit
neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)
approach to both analyze and treat neurologic disorders of postures and movement. manual facilitation and inhibition techniques are employed by the therapist to present the patient with "normal" sensory experiences. initiating a more functional motor response.
inflammatory skin diseases
diseases of the skin whose causes invoke an inflammatory response
hydrotherapy
use of therapeutic effects of water by immersing the body part or entire body into a tank of water
national foundation for infantile paralysis
foundation established in 1938 in response to repeated polio epidemics. Established to provide research, education, and patient services
hypotonia
low muscle tone
muscle power
amount of work produced by a muscle in a given period of time
law
formal rule having binding legal force laid down ordained or established by a governing body
neural tube defect
condition in which the neural tube fails to close completely during the first month of gestational development
myofascial relase
manual stretching of the layers of the body's fascia
neoplastic skin diseases
cancer affecting the skin
hypermobile joint
joint with excessive motion
low-context assumptions
assumptions found in cultures in which the individual is considered more important than the group.
Section 4
(50 cards)
nom referenced
type of assessment based on a large number of participants to create a comparison group for the assessment
resistance exercise
form of active movement in which some form of resistance is provided to increase muscular strength and endurance
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
technique used to enhance movement and motor control, emphasizing proprioceptive stimuli but also using tactile, visual, and auditory stimuli
physiotherapy
synonym for physical therapist
respiration
process of exchanging oxygen and co2
outcome measure
standardized instrument used to measure an individual's actual perceived limitations and participation restrictions and quality of life/health status
practice act
state's official statement or doc of definition and regulation of a specific profession, setting down guidelines for those practicing the profession within its jurisdiction
registration
process by which the state tracks regulated professionals by requiring names, addresses, and qualifications
osteogenesis imperfecta
severe bone impairment of genetic origin. affects formation of collagen during bone developement resulting in frequent fractures
obstructive lung disease
pathologic abnormality in airflow through the bronchial tubes
profession
commitment to field, rep organizations, knowledge in specific area, social service, and recognized autonomy
osteoporosis
decreased mineralization of the bones caused by decreased production of new bone cells and increased resorption of bone
percutaneous coronary intervention
process of mechanically dilating a blood vessel
open kinetic chain exercise
exercise in which the end limb segment is free
physical therapist
evaluate, treat, prevent disability, movement dysfunction, pain resulting from injury, disability, disease...etc
objective examination
quantitative or qualitative or measurements taken by PTs by use of mechanical device
osteoarthritis
condition characterized by degeneration of cartilage as a result of many yrs of use
presbycusis
decreased ability to perceive higher pitches and to distinguish between similar sounds
normal developmental theory
model asserting that therapy goals and objectives are designed to follow the progression of normal motor development
policy
plan designed to influence and determine decisions.
proliferative phase
phase of wound healing that involves increased activity of fibroblasts, instigation of aggressive wound contraction, and apithelialization
prognosis
prediction of level of improvement and time necessary to reach that level
pulmonary function test
assessment of the effectiveness of respiratory musculature and integrity of the airways and lung tissues to help classify the lung disease pattern as obstructive/restrictive
physical therapy
evaluate, treat, prevent disability, movement dysfunction, pain resulting from injury, disability, disease...etc
reconstruction aide
aide responsible for providing physical reconstruction to persons injured in war
ROM exercise
exercise mobility of a joint
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic inflammation of the joints
receptive aphasia
diminished ability to receive and interpret verbal or written communication
pressure ulcer
skin lesion caused by ischemia of integument secondary to pressure
primary care
level of health care delivered by a member of health care system who is responsible for majority of health care needs of individual
neuroplasticity
the ability of neurons in the brain to compensate for injury or disease
a normative model of physical therapist professional education
guide for PT education programs to ensure that academic program meets quality and comprehensiveness established by members of the profession
prenatal cocaine exposure
fetal exposure to cocaine resulting from maternal cocaine use. hyper irritability, poor feeding patterns, high respiratory and heart rates, increased tremulousness, and irregular sleeping patterns
passive range of motion (PROM)
amount of movement at a joint that is obtained by the therapist's moving the segment without assistance from the patient
plan of care
goals, interventions, desired outcomes, and criteria for discharge
physiatrist
physicians specializing in physical medicine
per diem
method of health care reimbursement; a set payment per day
resisted test
test allows therapist to determine general strength of muscle group and assess pain produced by muscle contraction
plagiocephaly
deformation of the skull during development caused by prolonged position in utero or in the first few months of life
pervasive development disorder (PDI)
group of disorders of neural development characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of unusual behaviors such as repeating actions and poor play skills
postural drainage
gravity through positioning and chest wall percussion to promote removal of excessive secretions from tracheobronchial tree
professional misconduct
violation of the state statues that define competent professional practice
range of motion ROM
movement at joint
paraffin treatment
use of a mixture of melted paraffin wax and mineral oil maintained at a specific temp to promote relaxation and pain relief and allow greater comfort during range of motion exercises
regulation
admin issued to carry out intent of the law
parkinson disease
progressive condition caused by a lack of the neurotransmitter dopamine
paraplegia
spinal cord damage and resultant loss of sensory or motor function affecting the lower trunk and legs
perception
ability to integrate various simultaneous sensory inputs and to respond appropriately
physiotherapist
synonym for physical therapist
restrictive lung disease
pathologic reduction in volume of air in lungs
Section 5
(50 cards)
special tests
designed for examination of specific joints to indicate presence or absence of a particular problem
tests and measures
specific procedures selected and performed to quantify physical and functional status
rigidity
disturbance of muscle tone
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
damage to brain causing neurologic dysfunction
thermal agent
agent used to modify temp of surrounding tissue to change blood flow
subscriber
individual who makes advance payment for something
target heart rate
heart rate during peak of period in aerobic training
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
systems review
brief examination to provide info about general health of the patient
spina bifida occulta
congenital incomplete closure of vertebra not associated with disability
tertiary care
service by specialists who are commonly employed in facilities that focus on particular conditions
stroke/CVA
neurologic problem arising from disruption of blood flow
static balance
balance maintained while standing still
spirometer
instrument measuring various volumes and airflow rates
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
strength
amount of force produced during voluntary muscular contraction
spinal cord injury (SCI)
damage to spinal cord that results in neurologic dysfunction
sprain
overstretching of a joint ligament accompanied by tearing
systems approach
intervention techniques used for neuromuscular conditions
tort
civil injury for which injured party can seek legal relief from courts
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass associated with aging
spina bifida
congenital incomplete closure of a vertebra
sensory integration
technique based on theory that poor integration and use of snesory input prevent subsequent motor planning
torticollis
condition when head and neck are bent to one side
risk management
efforts made by organization to identify assess and minimize risk of harm
tendinopathy
disorder of tendon
SOAP note
1. subjective 2. objective 3. assessment 4. plan of care
scar contraction
dynamic movement of the edge of a scar
secondary condition
condition that is potentially preventable and is direct or indirect consequence of inadequate attention to impairment or disability
scar contracture
permanent or relatively permanent lack of mobility of the scar tissue that results in functional and cosmetic impairment
standardized testing
type of formal test in which evaluation procedures remain the same when administered by different therapists
screening
procedure to determine if there is need for further services of the PT
vancouver burn scar scare
pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and height
statute
formal written enactment by legislative department of gov
spinal muscular atrophy
genetic disorder characterized by severe muscle weakness in infancy and progressive respiratory failure
TBSA
total body surface area
ultrasound
therapeutic application of high frequency sound waves penetrating through tissue and cause increase in tissue temp
soft tissue mobilization
variety of hands on techniques, including massage and myofascial release, improve movement and decrease pain or swelling
sensation
ability to receive critically examine and evaluate one's own behavior
strain
tearing of muscle fibers caused by sudden contraction of muscle or excessive stretch to the muscle
tone
tension exerted by muscle
standards of practice for PT
identifies conditions and performances essential for provision of high quality PT
subjective examination
interview of the patient about extent and nature of injury
tendinosis
degeneration of tendon
tremor
alternating contractions of opposing muscle groups
training zone
individual's ideal range
task oriented approach
intervention technique used for neuromuscular conditions that focuses on specific intended task and retraining using functional activities
secondary care
services provided by referral
short wave diathermy
use of electromagnetic energy to produce deep therapeutic heating effects
tetraplegia
spinal cord damage resulting in loss of sensory/motor function affecting all limbs
Section 6
(10 cards)