Section 1
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Cards (231)
Section 1
(50 cards)
applet
small Java code script that adds functionality to web pages in a browser
constructor
in Java, a template of an existing class used to create copies of the class
binary
the computer's language of 1s and 0s
Binary Automatic Computer
first computer with built-in self-checking devices, built in 1949; abbreviated BINAC
context-aware applications
software programs that incorporate user location, activities and similar data to provide a more customized experience
conditional operator
ternary operator; efficient tool used to perform if-then-else logical decisions
central processing unit
microchip considered "the brain" of the computer; abbreviated CPU
block comment
multiple lines of text in Java used to clarify information, but not function as part of the program; in code, opens with /and closes with/
assignment operator
the equal sign (=); used in Java code to place data values into variables
artificial intelligence
the science of developing computer technology that can imitate thinking-based behavior of humans
beta version
the most complete version of a product before the final release, used for broad-scale testing and feedback
arithmetic logic unit
CPU component that performs all calculations; abbreviated ALU
C++
popular, object-oriented programming language
constructed languages
languages purposely created by people to serve a particular function
comment codes
codes that make the text following them invisible to the compiler; used to indicate comments
attributes
descriptive properties that make up an object/object class
alt
HTML attribute that identifies alternative text used to describe an image for sight-impaired viewers or if it does not load
buses
highways on a motherboard enabling data transfer to and from the CPU
computer
electronic components designed to work together to perform operations
class
an object that has attributes and methods; can be used as a cookie cutter to create, or instantiate, new objects
compiler
software that translates a high-level computer language into a low-level computer language
basic input/output system
chip holding a ROM program to make sure all necessary components are present and functioning properly; abbreviated BIOS
bytecode
code produced by the Java compiler, javac, from high-level Java programming code; Java Virtual Machine code
agile development
an iterative, people-centric software development approach that focuses on continuous feedback
array
structure that holds multiple values of the same data type
class
Java object that has attributes and methods; can be used as a cookie cutter to create new objects
Boolean logic
a binary-based logic framework used for comparison
application software
software designed to help a user perform a specific activity
bug
an error in programming code
comparison operators
symbols used for comparing data values in order to create information out of raw data: >, <, >=, <=, ==, and !=
attributes
in Visual Basic, the properties of controls and other elements that determine their appearance and functionality
back-side bus
buses, or data pathways, that lead from the CPU to external cache or other CPUs; the southbridge
bugs
errors in programming code
break
keyword that provides escape from a code block so that subsequent statements in the block will not be processed
BASIC
early user-friendly programming language and the foundation for Visual Basic; abbreviation for Beginners Symbolic All-Purpose Instruction Code
app
small application software designed for smart phones and tablet computers
applications software developer
person who designs consumer software packages, such as word processors and games, and custom software such as databases for organizations
cache
memory area that is faster than RAM and feeds data to the CPU
camel casing
approach to naming program elements in which words are strung together and each new word starts with capital latter: a CamelCaseName
access modifier
Java keyword identifying the availability of a method
Common Gateway Interface
a type of program script that enables web servers to assign web content generation to executable files; abbreviated CGI
code block
related group of coding statements that belong to a set enclosed within curly braces {}
clock speed
measurement of how many cycles a CPU can process
bits
binary digits, which are either 1s or 0s, on or off
class
in Java, a template or cookie-cutter that can be used to instantiate (copy) its standard features to a new object
abstract
Java keyword creating a class whose member objects cannot be implemented, but can be instantiated into copies
assembly language
a low-level programming language that is easily converted to machine language
CD-ROM
a compact disk containing data that cannot be erased
Big Data
extremely large sets of data that are too big to be processed using current databases or applications
COBOL
a procedural programming language that uses a required format, stands for COmmon Business-Oriented Language
Section 2
(50 cards)
flowchart
a diagram using standardized symbols to visually depict the logic and flow of a program or process
control
in Visual Basic, elements on a form that can initiate events
escape sequence
simple codes used in conjunction with a backslash to format program output
drag and drop programming
method of creating GUI-based programs in a visual environment by placing components on a workspace
glue language
programming language that can be used to provide interoperability between systems not originally intended to work together
data type
the kind of data that a variable can hold; data types are primitive or reference
decrement
to decrease by 1; performed by postfix (x--) and prefix (--x) operators
Hypertext Markup Language
the language that enables information to be displayed on web browsers; abbreviated HTML
desk check
the process of running through code step by step and entering and recording values to check the logic; another form of debugging
deliverable
a defined, prepared work product
contextual design
process in which relevant data is gathered on users in their environment, which then informs the product development process
flash drive
small, USB-connected storage device; also referred to as a jump drive
control unit
the "manager" of the CPU, controlling many functions and coordinating with the ALU
high-level language
complex code used to write software programs
href
HTML attribute that identifies the targeted location of a link
functional programming
paradigm in which programs are executed using expressions rather than statements
end user
people who utilize a product, such as software
dot operator
the period (.) placed between the class name.object name.method name in Java; or placed between the object.memberVariableName
form over function
an approach to design that places more emphasis on style than usability
continue
statement used within a loop so that when a certain condition is met, control of the program is forced back to the beginning of the loop
event-driven programming
model in which program actions are initiated and controlled by events such as a mouse click
front-side bus
buses, or pathways, that enter the CPU for processing; the northbridge
for loop
Java code creating a repetitive process that occurs as long as a condition is true; used when the number of loops is known
e-waste
potentially toxic materials from discarded computer components; require proper disposal techniques to avoid environmental contamination
implementation stage
third stage of software development process in which code is written
ENIAC
a general purpose, binary, stored-program computing machine, built in 1946; stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
Hollerith code
a system of punch codes to represent letters, numbers, and symbols
FORTRAN
an early procedural programming language used for scientific computing
hard drive
a computer's main storage area
deployment
the release of software to the end user; one aspect of the fifth stage of the software development process
if statement
decision-making statement evaluating to only one of two alternatives: true or false. If result is true, the statement below the if statement executes. If result is false, the system executes the next statement outside the code block.
hard skills
a type of skills that can be measured objectively and taught
declare
to write code that introduces a variable into the program
hardware
computer components that you can touch and see
event
user-initiated action that causes a program to execute a specified subroutine
flow of control
the order that steps in a process - or statements in a computer program - are executed
graphical user interface
interaction with a computing device using images rather than text; abbreviated as GUI and often pronounced gooey
default
additional option included in the switch-case code block that works like a catch-all for comparisons that do not meet one of the case statement choices
event handler
method or subroutine in a program that executes an action in response to an event
decision symbol
in a flowchart, a diamond shape that indicates branching of the program flow based on a condition
if-else statement
decision-making statement evaluating to only one of two alternatives: true or false. If result is true, the statement(s) below the if statement execute until they reach the ending semicolon. If result is false, the system executes statements in the else code block.
hypertext
coded text on an electronic device that accesses other information via user actions such as a mouse click or tap on a tablet
flow line
arrow in a flowchart that depicts the flow of control in a program
increment
to increase by 1; performed by postfix (x++) and prefix (++x) operators
design stage
second stage of the software development process that focuses on conceptual application elements prior to coding
global variable
variable declared at the beginning of the main() method and available throughout the program
hidden
in Java, objects assigned the private access operator so they are not available to members outside their own class
element
each indexed, subscripted, instance of an array variable
import
keyword telling Java to bring code packages into the program for use
do-while loop
Java code creating a repetitive process that occurs as long as a condition is true; condition is evaluated at the bottom of the loop; used when number of loops is unknown
Section 3
(50 cards)
input/output symbol
in a flowchart, a parallelogram that depicts data input to or output from a program
infinite loop
loop structure in a program for which the test condition is never false, so the loop runs endlessly; can be stopped by pressing ESC key
intranet
a secure communications system that functions like the Internet but is limited to internal use by members of an organization
multidimensional array
an array arranged like a matrix of rows and columns that holds more than one value and/or data type; related data stored in one memory structure that is referenced using two subscripts
iterative
iterative
mathematical reasoning skills
the ability to select and use an appropriate mathematical operation to solve a problem
modulus
mathematical operation that means the remainder from a division: 9 mod 4 = 2
median wage
wage at which one-half of workers in an occupation earn more and one-half of workers earn less
mouse
input device allowing users to initiate actions by clicking images on the screen
Internet
a global system of interconnected networks
iteration
do something more than one time, as in a loop
index
the sequential number of an element in an array variable; the computer begins the array sequence with zero (0)
new
the keyword required to instantiate a Java object so that the computer can assign memory addresses to its elements
Java Virtual Machine code
code produced by the Java compiler, javac, from the English-like Java programming code; bytecode
machine language
the binary language a computer understands, 1s and 0s
northbridge
the front-side bus that inputs data to the CPU
low-level language
binary code that can be understood by the CPU
monitor
output device that displays data and information to users onscreen
integrated development environment
software used to develop computer programs; abbreviated IDE
keyboard
input device that allows users to type data and instructions into the computer
initializing
assigning a data value to a variable in Java
logic gates
comparison operations performed in the CPU via keywords: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR
information hiding
using the private access identifier in Java so that information is only available to the elements of the class in which it resides
input devices
devices, such as a keyboard, that transfer data and commands into the computer
method
series of Java coding statements grouped together under a descriptive name, followed by a set of parentheses to hold arguments if needed
interface
the interaction of the input and output of a computer system
Java
a popular, Web- and human-friendly programming language
instantiate
in object-oriented programming, making a copy of an existing object to create a new object
object-oriented programming
approach to programming that includes reusable components to speed up programming; abbreviated OOP
keywords
predefined, human-friendly terms used in a computer program to cause a specific action
Order of Operations
the prescribed order, included in the instruction set, in which the ALU processes mathematical operations
loop
an iterative or repetitive action performed on code between the loop's curly braces; common types are for-loops, while loops, and do-while loops
Javac
the Java compiler that converts the high-level Java keywords into bytecode, which can be converted to binary by a Java Interpreter
interpreter
high-level programming instructions that are converted to an intermediary code that, in turn, is easily converted to machine language as they are encountered
microprocessor
a set of integrated circuits on a single electronic device
main
method required in all Java programs; the first method following the class statement
Java Interpreter
provides the means for Java bytecode to run on almost any platform or operating system
object
in Java, the instantiation of a class, having both inherited and assigned properties
input processing output chart
tool used to help in designing computer programs by defining the inputs, processing, and outputs; abbreviated as IPO
line comment
single line of text in Java used to clarify information, but not function as part of the program; in code, opens with //
Java Development Kit
free program that includes the Java programming language and the NetBeans IDE; abbreviated JDK
null
unique value assigned to a declared array variable before it is defined; null in place of a memory location
Java-initiated constructor
class constructor automatically created by Java that resets all its object values to default (null)
operating system
software program on the hard drive that controls activity of the CPU and other components
open-source
term describing types of software and program code that are freely available to all and often continually refined by the public
NetBeans
the IDE provided as a bundle with the JDK
logic programming
concise, declarative programming model based on the principles of logic and reasoning
instruction set
preset assembly language codes in the CU that determine calculations performed in the ALU
maintenance
gathering data on and fixing problems with software following deployment; part of the fifth stage of the software development process
integrated circuit
a thin semiconductor material that provides interconnection between electronic devices
Section 4
(50 cards)
outsourcing
business practice of using labor outside of the company or the country to achieve cost savings
syntax
the "grammar" rules of a specific programming language
static
Java keyword that means content will not change
software development life cycle
the series of activities conducted to produce a complete software application; also known as software development process; abbreviated SDLC
output devices
devices, such as a monitor or printer, that produce data from the computer
PEMDMAS
acronym depicting the mathematical Order of Operations in Java programming: parentheses, exponentiation, multiplication, division, modulus, addition, and subtraction
rapid application development
a programming approach that minimizes pre-planning in favor of creating quick prototypes to test and refine
subscript
a term for the number indicating the position of an element in an array; also called the index
public
Java keyword used as a modifier for a method; indicates that the method is available to other programs
start/end symbol
in a flowchart, a circle, oval or rounded-corner rectangle, representing the beginning or end of the program or process
process symbol
in a flowchart, a rectangle depicting one distinct action in a program or process
postfix
a shortcut to increment or decrement a variable; the variable is used, then the result is calculated and stored; example: x++ is the same as x = x+1
system software
software that controls how the operating system interacts with components
string literal
group of printable characters enclosed within double quotation marks
stakeholders
people who will be impacted by a particular project or activity
subroutine
specified set of actions, or method, in a Visual Basic program
probabilistic modeling
programming approach that uses available data to make decisions based on what is probable
passing by value
a method that sends a copy of the value of a variable between methods
random-access memory
a short-term form of computer memory used to store work in progress; abbreviated RAM
smartphone
a mobile phone that functions as a small computer
printer
output device that produces information from the computer on paper
system unit
the basic computer, without peripherals
prefix
a shortcut to increment or decrement a variable; the result is calculated and stored, then the variable is used ; example: ++x is the same as x = x+1
string data type
Java variable type that allows more than one character or letter to be displayed; used by placing double quotation marks at the beginning and end of the string
southbridge
the back-side bus of the CPU that accesses external cache or other CPUs
src
HTML attribute that identifies the location of an image file
software development kits
software used to develop computer programs; abbreviated SDK
smart dust
computerized devices smaller than a grain of sand
predefined process symbol
in a flowchart, a rectangle with a vertical band on each side, representing a multistep process such as a user-defined method
pseudocode
natural language used to describe the logical processes to be accomplished in a program; used as an outline for the code
requirements stage
first stage of the software development process in which customer needs and expectations are defined
storage
media used to hold computer data for extended periods; examples include hard drives and flash drives
prototype
a model of a product, process, or program created to check and refine its functionality
software development process
the series of activities conducted to produce a complete software application
switch-case statement
an alternate method to if statements and nested if statements that provides a cleaner, more easily readable code block
string
Java variable type allowing more than one character to be displayed by placing double quotation marks at the beginning and end of the string
soft skills
type of skills that are measured more subjectively; may or may not be taught
peripherals
hardware components external to the computer case, such as a printer
read-only memory
a long-term form of computer memory housing a program that manages the CPU and cannot be easily erased; abbreviated as ROM
reference
a storage that contains the memory addresses of an array's values
paradigm
particular style of a programming language; the four main paradigms are declarative, functional, imperative, and object-oriented
passing by reference
a method of referencing the address a value rather than passing the actual value to and from a methods
Spiral Model
risk-focused SDLC approach that combines the linear development and testing aspects of the V-Model with the prototyping of RAD
participatory design
product development process in which all stakeholders are directly involved
sound card
circuit board that fits into a motherboard socket and provides higher quality sound
reference data type
complex data types created from primitive data types
package
in Java, a collection of related classes that can be saved and imported for use in other programs
private
Java keyword used as a modifier for a method; indicates that the method is limited to the program containing it
primitive data type
simple, uncomplicated data types: boolean, byte, char, double, float, int, long, and short
println
Java method described in the System class; println() prints the contents within its parentheses
Section 5
(31 cards)