Section 1
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when is DNA replicated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (71)
Section 1
(50 cards)
when is DNA replicated
Interphase
Describe Metaphase 2 of Meiosis
sister chromatids align along a metaphase plate
Describe Anaphase 2 of Meiosis
Sister chromatids separate and individual chromosomes move towards poles as kinetochore microtubules shorten
Simple Dominance
Simple (a.k.a. complete) dominance is the condition in which one of the alleles is completely dominant to the other, so that the heterozygote (e.g. Aa) shows only the dominant phenotype.
The importance of Law of Independent Assortment is..
that it has to potential to promotes evolution or pass down lethal diseases
Number of nuclear divisions in Meiosis
2
Female gonads are
ovaries
Which produces genetically identical cells
Mitosis
Codominance
Two alleles contributing to a heterozygote phenotype
Purpose of Meiosis
diversity
Number of cells produced in Meiosis
4
The Law of Segregation is
when gametes form, these genes segregate so that only one homologous pair in contained in a particular gamete
genotype
alleles present in a cell
Lethal Dominance
inheriting a gene that kills the offspring
Purpose of Mitosis?
Growth and repair
Describe Anaphase of Meiosis
Homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles
At sexual maturity in the human life cycle, gonads produce what gametes by the process of what?
Hapliod , meiosis
Resulting cells of mitosis are
diploid
Describe Telophase of Meiosis
nuclear membranes are reformed and the chromosomes decondense
Resulting cells of Mitosis are what?
diploid
Meiosis relevance to sexual reproduction is
It produces gametes for sexual reproduction
Importance of the Law of Segregation is...
Explains how inheritance happens
Describe Metaphase of Meiosis
tetrads align on a metaphase plate
how many cytokinetic events occur in meiosis?
2
Describe Telephase 2 of Meiosis
Chromosomes decondense and nuclear membrane re-form; Cleavage furrow separates the 2 cells into 4 cells
Number of cells produced in Mitosis
2 or 2n
Describe Prophase 2 of Meiosis
Sister chromatids condense and spindle fibers form
male gonads are?
testes
Name 3 events in sexual reproduction that contribute to genetic variation in a population
1. crossing over 2. independent assortment 3. reduction from haploid to diploid
Describe prophase in Meiosis
tetrads wrap around each other
What does meiosis do that mitosis doesn't?
pair homoglous pairs and crossing over
Are dominant characteristics always more frequent in population than recessive characteristics? Why or Why not?
No because the trait for 6 fingers is dominant yet most humans have 5 which is recessive (ss)
The difference in mitosis and meiosis is
in meiosis the final reduction of chromosome number by half and production of new genetic combinations.
mitosis and meiosis both ..
Replicate chromosomes to form to chromatids at a centromere
Female gametes are
eggs
What happens in oogenesis
oogonia develop into primary oocytes (diploid) that form 3 polar bodies and a secondary oocyte that are haploid, cytokinesis prefers larger oocyte
What is a phenotype
Physical appearance
Law of Independent Assortment
genes on nonhomologous or different chromosomes will be distributed randomly into gametes
Epistasis
one pair of alleles influences or masks another; gene interaction;
Incomplete Dominance
Heterozygous genotypes results in intermediate characteristics
At the end of Meiosis you get how many cells?
4
What is a tetrad
two homologous pairs together
Number of nuclear divisions in Mitosis
1
What are significant events in meiosis
crossing over during prophase 1 and independent assortment during metaphase
Comare meiosis to mitosis
have the same phases and both involve cellular division
Describe Interphase of Meiosis
Cell expands and DNA is copied
male gametes are?
sperm
phenotype
physical appearance of a trait
What determines how often a phenotype occurs in a population?
genes/alleles carried
what happens in spermatogenesis
sperm formated diploid cells produce primary spermatocytes that result in 4 haploid spermatids that develop into mater sperm
Section 2
(21 cards)