Section 1
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (87)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Root
Irreducible part of the word
Point of articulation
The unmovable part of the vocal tract that where the air is obstructed when making a human speech sound
phonotactic constraints
Language-specific constraints that determine how the sounds of a given language may be combined to form words or syllables.
Voiceless
A human speech sound produced without vibration of the vocal cords
Word order
the positioning of words in relation to one another
Clause
A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.
Free variation
Articulatory Properties
manner of articulation, point of articulation, voiced or voiceless. The name of a sound is essentially an inventory of its articulatory properties.
Complementary distribution
Environment
Influencing factor
Derivational morpheme
Alter the semantic meaning or part of speech of the free morpheme.
Homorganic sounds
Groups of phonemes that share a point of articulation
noun phrase (NP)
The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.
D sub system
{d1} -voiceless {d2}- voiced {d3}- follows t or d
Morpheme
Minimal unit of meaning
Diphthong
Vowel sound move within syllable
free morpheme
Stands alone as a word having meaning.
Auxiliary phrase (AuxP)
Tense marker, modal:can, will
Manner of Articulation
The degree of obstruction in the vocal tract that creates a consonant sound
inflectional morphemes
{-s, -Ed, -en, -ing, -Er, -est}
vowel
A human speech sound produced without obstruction at a particular point in the vocal tract. All are voiced.
S sub system
{s1}- voiceless {s2}- voiced {s3}- follows /s,z,š,ž,č,j/
Allomorph
predictable variant of a morpheme
Minimal unit
A structure that cannot be reduced into anything smaller and serves as a point of focus for analysis
Phrase
Always already available. DSCs
Voiced
A human speech sound produced with vibration of the vocal cords
Declension
A series of morphological changes expressing case, number, and gender in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives
Compounding
Form of derivation in which two or more free morphemes are fused together to derive a new word. Bard on rightmost element in the compound.
Data
Language and language use
Natural class of sounds
Groups of phonemes that share a manner of articulation
verb phrase (VP)
The name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence.
An analytic grammar
A system in which the relationships between words in phrases and clauses are governed by word order
Consonant
A human speech sound produced by partial or total obstruction of air at a particular point in the vocal tract. A small number of English consonants are voiceless / p, t, k, č, f, theta, s, š, h/ standard English has 24 phonemic consonants
prepositional phrase (PP)
The syntactic category, also phrasal category, consisting of a prepositional head and a noun phrase complement: e.g., with a key, into the battle, over the top.
English is
A word order language
Morphological change
Sentence
A group of words that expresses a complete thought. NP and VP
Inflectional morpheme
Add grammatical meaning to a word but do not alter its semantic meaning or part of speech.
inflectional morphemes
In English rule governed inflectional morphemes are always suffixes
Sentence (s)
NP VP
complementary distribution
A pattern of distribution in which a sound occurs in only one place and no other because of the phonological environment.
Free variation
A pattern of distribution in which more than one variety of a sound may occur in the same phonological environment without changing the meaning or perception of the word.
Phoneme
Minimal contrastive segmental unit; smallest unit of sound that differentiates one word from another; minimal unit of analysis for phonology
Phonological environment
Influencing factor on a word
Elements of grammar
Syntax
The study of word order
Allophone
Predictable variant of a phoneme created by the phonological environment
Phrases
Refer to things and actions in the world and to sets of role players that interact with each other in a particular way, each with a specific role. Contain modifiers.
Minimal pair
A pair of words that differ by a single phoneme
Bound morpheme
Must attach to a free morpheme or stem. They are either inflectional or derivational
Section 2
(37 cards)