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AP Chemistry Chapter 8

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Section 1

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localized electron model

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Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (26)

Section 1

(26 cards)

localized electron model

Front

a model which assumes that a molecule is composed of atoms that are bound together by sharing pairs of electrons using the atomic orbitals of the bound atoms

Back

Lewis structure

Front

a diagram of a molecule showing how the valence electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule

Back

dipolar

Front

having a dipole moment

Back

isoelectronic ions

Front

ions containing the same number of electrons

Back

bonding pair

Front

an electron pair found in the space between two atoms

Back

formal charge

Front

the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion derived from a specific set of rules

Back

single bond

Front

a bond in which one pair of electrons is shared by two atoms

Back

octet rule

Front

the observation that atoms of nonmetals tend to form the most stable molecules when they are surrounded by eight electrons

Back

duet rule

Front

hydrogen forms stable molecules where it shares two electrons

Back

resonance

Front

a condition occurring when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule.

Back

bond energy

Front

the energy required to break a given chemical bond

Back

bond length

Front

the distance between the nuclei of the two atoms connected by a bond; the distance where the total energy of a diatomic molecule is minimal

Back

resonance structure

Front

the actual electronic structure is not represented by any one of the Lewis structures but by the average of all of them.

Back

covalent bonding

Front

a type of bonding in which electrons are shared by atoms

Back

ionic bonding

Front

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Back

lattice energy

Front

the energy change occurring when separated gaseous ions are packed together to form an ionic solid

Back

Coulomb's Law

Front

E = 2.31 x 10^-19 (Q1Q2 / r) where E is the energy of interaction between a pair of ions, expressed in joules; r is the distance between the ion centers in nm; and Q1 and Q2 are the numerical ion charges

Back

triple bond

Front

a bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms

Back

valence shell electron-pair repulsion model

Front

a model whose main postulate is that the structure around a given atom in a molecule is determined principally by minimizing electron-pair repulsions

Back

double bond

Front

a bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared by two electrons

Back

lone pair

Front

an electron pair that is localized on a given atom; an electron pair not involved in bonding

Back

polar covalent bond

Front

a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally because one atom attracts them more strongly than the other

Back

electronegativity

Front

the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself

Back

molecular structure

Front

the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Back

ionic compound

Front

a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form a cation and an anion

Back

dipole moment

Front

a property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge

Back