a model which assumes that a molecule is composed of atoms that are bound together by sharing pairs of electrons using the atomic orbitals of the bound atoms
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Lewis structure
Front
a diagram of a molecule showing how the valence electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule
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dipolar
Front
having a dipole moment
Back
isoelectronic ions
Front
ions containing the same number of electrons
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bonding pair
Front
an electron pair found in the space between two atoms
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formal charge
Front
the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion derived from a specific set of rules
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single bond
Front
a bond in which one pair of electrons is shared by two atoms
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octet rule
Front
the observation that atoms of nonmetals tend to form the most stable molecules when they are surrounded by eight electrons
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duet rule
Front
hydrogen forms stable molecules where it shares two electrons
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resonance
Front
a condition occurring when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule.
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bond energy
Front
the energy required to break a given chemical bond
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bond length
Front
the distance between the nuclei of the two atoms connected by a bond; the distance where the total energy of a diatomic molecule is minimal
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resonance structure
Front
the actual electronic structure is not represented by any one of the Lewis structures but by the average of all of them.
Back
covalent bonding
Front
a type of bonding in which electrons are shared by atoms
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ionic bonding
Front
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
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lattice energy
Front
the energy change occurring when separated gaseous ions are packed together to form an ionic solid
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Coulomb's Law
Front
E = 2.31 x 10^-19 (Q1Q2 / r) where E is the energy of interaction between a pair of ions, expressed in joules; r is the distance between the ion centers in nm; and Q1 and Q2 are the numerical ion charges
Back
triple bond
Front
a bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms
Back
valence shell electron-pair repulsion model
Front
a model whose main postulate is that the structure around a given atom in a molecule is determined principally by minimizing electron-pair repulsions
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double bond
Front
a bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared by two electrons
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lone pair
Front
an electron pair that is localized on a given atom; an electron pair not involved in bonding
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polar covalent bond
Front
a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally because one atom attracts them more strongly than the other
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electronegativity
Front
the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself
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molecular structure
Front
the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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ionic compound
Front
a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form a cation and an anion
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dipole moment
Front
a property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge