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AP Chemistry

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Section 1

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significant figures

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Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (44)

Section 1

(44 cards)

significant figures

Front

all the digits in a measurement that are directly measured, plus the last digit, which is estimated

Back

subatomic particles

Front

protons, neutrons, electrons

Back

period

Front

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Back

intensive properties

Front

Do not depend on the amount of matter present Ex: Melting point, boiling point, density, and ability to conduct electricity and transfer energy as heat

Back

Energy

Front

the ability to do work

Back

isotopes

Front

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Back

Scientific Law

Front

A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions

Back

Elements

Front

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Back

kinetic energy

Front

the energy an object has due to its motion

Back

Precision

Front

the exactness of a measurement

Back

Metalloids

Front

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Back

chemical properties

Front

Characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance

Back

Celsius scale

Front

The temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees

Back

absolute zero

Front

The temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter

Back

nuclear model

Front

Model of the atom with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons and with electrons in the space outside the nucleus

Back

Compound

Front

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Back

Etensive Property

Front

a property of matter that changes as the amount of matter changes

Back

Radioactivity

Front

The process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation

Back

Amu unit

Front

Amu stands for atomic mass unit and is used to indicate mass on an atomic or molecular scale

Back

Scientific Method

Front

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.

Back

work

Front

A result of a force moving an object a certain distance.

Back

Pure Substances

Front

A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

Back

Hypothesis

Front

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Back

metric system

Front

decimal system of measurement based on certain physical standards and scaled on multiples of 10

Back

Accuracy

Front

how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured

Back

chemical change

Front

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

Back

Kelvin scale

Front

the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 K and the boiling point is 373 K; 0 K is absolute zero

Back

Density

Front

the degree of compactness of a substance.

Back

dimensional analysis

Front

a technique of problem-solving that uses the units that are part of a measurement to help solve the problem

Back

Atoms

Front

Basic unit of matter

Back

mass spectrometer

Front

an instrument used to determine the relative masses of atoms by the deflection of their ions on a magnetic field

Back

potential energy

Front

stored energy

Back

Nonmetals

Front

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

Back

cathode rays

Front

streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube

Back

Metals

Front

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.

Back

Mass

Front

the amount of matter in an object

Back

Law of Constant Composition

Front

A given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass

Back

physical change

Front

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

Back

Theory

Front

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

Back

Molecule

Front

A group of atoms bonded together

Back

physical properties

Front

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Back

Group

Front

A column on the periodic table

Back

SI units

Front

International System of Units

Back

law of definite proportions

Front

a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass

Back