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Pathology

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Section 1

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What does chemotherapy include?

Front

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Pathology

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (34)

Section 1

(34 cards)

What does chemotherapy include?

Front

1)destroys cells with anti-cancer cells. 2)treatment: drugs iv's pills 3)Side effects: hair loss bruising nausea diarrhea fatigue weakened immune system 4)When a tumor is large or needs to be shrunk before surgery or after surgery to remove all remaining cancerous tissue.

Back

What does stage 0 mean?

Front

the carcinoma has not moved from its place of origin and has not invaded nearby tissue.(size of a pea)

Back

What jobs can an anatomical pathologist get?

Front

Autopsy Pathologist, Forensic pathologist, surgical pathologist, cytologists

Back

What does stage III mean?

Front

IIA The tumor is 5 cm or less and has spread to at least three lymph nodes. or the tumor is greater than 5cm and has spread to three underarm lymph nodes. IIIB Tumor of any size that has grown in the chest wall and is responsible for lumps of swelling (nodules). Also may have spread to underarm lymph nodes. IIIC *Tumor of any size that has spread to the lymph nodes

Back

When breast cancer metastases what could it invade?

Front

The lymph-nodes

Back

What is a blunt end?

Front

Where the sequence is cut down the center leaving no unbroken bonds

Back

What is Pathology?

Front

The study and diagnosis of diseases in living things by examining tissues, organs, cells, and fluids

Back

What is the importance of a pathology report?

Front

They are important for diagnosis finding the grade and stage of a tumor is important to tell how advanced the cancer is and determine the best treatment method. Also tumor characteristics such as the presence or estrogen or proestrogen receptors have implications for treatment.

Back

What is a clinical pathologist?

Front

Pathologist that studies the body fluid including blood plasma urine respiratory mucous and cerebrospinal fluid.

Back

How many stages are there and what are they?

Front

There are five Stage 0 Stage I Stage II StageIII Stage IV

Back

What does the location indicate about size?

Front

the closer to the middle the larger and the father away the smaller.

Back

What does the overall charge of a molecule suggest?

Front

it affects the overall speed at which it travels through the gel, highly charged particles migrate quickly through the gel.small molecules move faster through the matrix.

Back

Breast anatomy(quizlet has no picture)

Front

there are the lobules and the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple also there are lymph nodes on the outskirts.

Back

What does radiation therapy include?

Front

1)destroys cells with internal or external radiation 2)source of radiation 3)side effects: redness and swelling 4)after a lumpectomy of mastectomy is preformed on a larger tumor.

Back

How to become a pathologist?

Front

One must attend school for 4 years and then attend medical school for four years and finally undergo a four-five year residency.

Back

Where can breast cancer devlop?

Front

It can only develop in either the lobules or the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple.

Back

What is gel electrophoresis?

Front

the separation of charges molecules using an electric field. Also a basic biotechnology technique to separate macromolecules according to charge and size with a positive anode and a negative cathode. Molecules with net negative charges migrate to the positive end and vice a versa.

Back

What does stage II mean?

Front

there is stage IIA and IIB IIA The tumor is less than 2 cm and has spread to underarm lymph node or caner is between 2 and 5 cm and has not spread to the breast. IIB The tumor is between 2 and 5 cm and has spread to the lymph node or the tumor is more than 5 cm but has not spread outside the breast.

Back

What are pathology reports?

Front

They are written documents that describe specimens that were collected by a doctor and sent to a pathologist for analysis. They help doctors diagnose a condition so a doctor can prescribe the best course of action to treat a particular disease.

Back

restriction enzymes

Front

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Back

Plasmid

Front

A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome

Back

What does stating cancer help doctors do?

Front

It helps them get an idea of the extent to which the cancer is and develop a plan for treatment.

Back

What does stage I mean?

Front

The cancer is no more than 2 cm or the size of a peanut in diameter

Back

What are the treatment options?

Front

1)Biological therapy 2)Chemotherapy 3)Hormone therapy 4)Radiation Therapy 5)Surgery

Back

What do you use to predict treatment plan?

Front

name age Clinical history estrogen/proestrogen test HER2/nue test treatment recommendation

Back

What are lymph nodes?

Front

They are a part of the lymphatic system as it transfers fluids throughout the body in order to rid it of toxins.

Back

What are the two types of pathologists?

Front

Clinical and anatomical.

Back

what does stage IV mean?

Front

The cancer has spread to distant tissue.

Back

What is an anatomical pathologist?

Front

Pathologist that studies the organs tissue and cells of patients.

Back

What does Hormone Therapy Include?

Front

1)Prevents cancer cells from getting the growth hormone they need. 2)drugs surged and possible removal of ovaries 3)symptoms of menopause 4)when a patient tests positive for estrogen and pro estrogen receptors.

Back

What does biological therapy include?

Front

1)binds to proteins and prevent the growth of cancer cells. 2)Treatment: drugs 3)Side effects: can affect hearts ability to pump blood 4)used when patients test HER2/neu postive

Back

What is a sticky end?

Front

an end of a DNA double helix at which a few unpaired nucleotides of one strand extend beyond the other.

Back

Who are pathologists?

Front

doctors who study and diagnose diseases or conditions present in tissues organs cells and fluids.

Back

What does surgery include?

Front

1)remove all cancer cells/tissue 2)Anesthesia scalpel etc. 3)Wound infection tenderness and pain 4)When patient is recommended to remove all of breast.

Back

Pathology

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What does chemotherapy include?

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Cards (34)

What does chemotherapy include?

1)destroys cells with anti-cancer cells. 2)treatment: drugs iv's pills 3)Side effects: hair loss bruising nausea diarrhea fatigue weakened immune system 4)When a tumor is large or needs to be shrunk before surgery or after surgery to remove all remaining cancerous tissue.

What does stage 0 mean?

the carcinoma has not moved from its place of origin and has not invaded nearby tissue.(size of a pea)

What jobs can an anatomical pathologist get?

Autopsy Pathologist, Forensic pathologist, surgical pathologist, cytologists

What does stage III mean?

When breast cancer metastases what could it invade?

The lymph-nodes

What is a blunt end?

Where the sequence is cut down the center leaving no unbroken bonds

What is Pathology?

The study and diagnosis of diseases in living things by examining tissues, organs, cells, and fluids

What is the importance of a pathology report?

They are important for diagnosis *finding the grade and stage of a tumor is important to tell how advanced the cancer is and determine the best treatment method. *Also tumor characteristics such as the presence or estrogen or proestrogen receptors have implications for treatment.

What is a clinical pathologist?

Pathologist that studies the body fluid including blood plasma urine respiratory mucous and cerebrospinal fluid.

How many stages are there and what are they?

There are five Stage 0 Stage I Stage II StageIII Stage IV

What does the location indicate about size?

the closer to the middle the larger and the father away the smaller.

What does the overall charge of a molecule suggest?

it affects the overall speed at which it travels through the gel, highly charged particles migrate quickly through the gel.small molecules move faster through the matrix.

Breast anatomy(quizlet has no picture)

there are the lobules and the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple also there are lymph nodes on the outskirts.

What does radiation therapy include?

1)destroys cells with internal or external radiation 2)source of radiation 3)side effects: redness and swelling 4)after a lumpectomy of mastectomy is preformed on a larger tumor.

How to become a pathologist?

One must attend school for 4 years and then attend medical school for four years and finally undergo a four-five year residency.

Where can breast cancer devlop?

It can only develop in either the lobules or the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple.

What is gel electrophoresis?

the separation of charges molecules using an electric field. Also a basic biotechnology technique to separate macromolecules according to charge and size with a positive anode and a negative cathode. Molecules with net negative charges migrate to the positive end and vice a versa.

What does stage II mean?

What are pathology reports?

They are written documents that describe specimens that were collected by a doctor and sent to a pathologist for analysis. They help doctors diagnose a condition so a doctor can prescribe the best course of action to treat a particular disease.

restriction enzymes

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Plasmid

A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome

What does stating cancer help doctors do?

It helps them get an idea of the extent to which the cancer is and develop a plan for treatment.

What does stage I mean?

The cancer is no more than 2 cm or the size of a peanut in diameter

What are the treatment options?

1)Biological therapy 2)Chemotherapy 3)Hormone therapy 4)Radiation Therapy 5)Surgery

What do you use to predict treatment plan?

name age Clinical history estrogen/proestrogen test HER2/nue test treatment recommendation

What are lymph nodes?

They are a part of the lymphatic system as it transfers fluids throughout the body in order to rid it of toxins.

What are the two types of pathologists?

Clinical and anatomical.

what does stage IV mean?

The cancer has spread to distant tissue.

What is an anatomical pathologist?

Pathologist that studies the organs tissue and cells of patients.

What does Hormone Therapy Include?

1)Prevents cancer cells from getting the growth hormone they need. 2)drugs surged and possible removal of ovaries 3)symptoms of menopause 4)when a patient tests positive for estrogen and pro estrogen receptors.

What does biological therapy include?

1)binds to proteins and prevent the growth of cancer cells. 2)Treatment: drugs 3)Side effects: can affect hearts ability to pump blood 4)used when patients test HER2/neu postive

What is a sticky end?

an end of a DNA double helix at which a few unpaired nucleotides of one strand extend beyond the other.

Who are pathologists?

doctors who study and diagnose diseases or conditions present in tissues organs cells and fluids.

What does surgery include?

1)remove all cancer cells/tissue 2)Anesthesia scalpel etc. 3)Wound infection tenderness and pain 4)When patient is recommended to remove all of breast.

They are important for diagnosis finding the grade and stage of a tumor is important to tell how advanced the cancer is and determine the best treatment method. Also tumor characteristics such as the presence or estrogen or proestrogen receptors have implications for treatment.