Section 1
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Number of bones in the skull
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (111)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Number of bones in the skull
22+ 6 in the ossicles
Parts of a long bone
Irregular epiphysis at the ends,composed mainly of spongy (cancellous) bone shaft or diaphysis, composed mainly of compact bone
Layers of the Epidermis
Superficial to deep: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Germinativum (Spinosum and Basale)
The Cell
the basic unit of life and building block of tissues and organs
Where in the epidermis does mitosis occur?
Stratum Germinativum
Posterior
back of body
What must be present for a muscle cell to contract?
Calcium and ATP
Functions of the skeletal system
Hemopoiesis support movement protection of internal organs detoxification area for muscle attachment mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
Meiosis
special cell division that takes place in the gonads, Reduces chromosome number from 46 to 23
Four fundamental tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous tissues
Osteoblasts
cells that form compact bone
Anterior
front of the body
Histology
Study of tissues
Layers of the skin
Epidermis and dermis
Two types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
Muscle Tissue
A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
the only moveable bone of the skull is the
Mandible
Axial skelton
Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
Superior
Above
The functional units of the nervous system
Neurons
Transverse Plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Hair and nails comprised of this strong protein
keratin
Adductor muscles
return limb toward the body
appendicular skeleton
Bones of the girdles and limbs
Dorsal Cavity
posterior body cavity that houses the cranial and spinal cavity; also referred to the posterior body cavity
sebum produced by what kind of secretion
holocrine
Saggital Plane
is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Abductor muscles
Draw a limb away from the midline
Eccrine sweat glands
widely distributed, release watery secretion
Frontal Plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
when osteoblasts become fixed in the dense bone matrix:
stop dividing, maintian bone tissue as osteocytes
Ventral Cavity
Orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
connective tissue
provides framework, support and structure
Flexor muscles
reduce the angle of a joint
Muscle cells consist of
myofibrils, which are made up of smaller units called sarcomeres.
Dendrites transmit messages _____ the cell body and axons transmit messages _____ the cell body.
Towards Away from
Vertebral column
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
Inferior
Below
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Medial
towards the midline
Nerve Tissue
composed of neurons and connective tissue cells called neuroglia
Extensor muscles
increase the angle of a joint
CNS is comprised of
spinal cord and brain
Lateral
away from the midline
Epithelial cells
cover, line, and protect body and internal organs
Apocrine sweat glands
mainly in armpits and groin, body odor
Types of Muscle Tissue
Voluntary skeletal Involuntary smooth and cardiac
Sebaceous glands
release an oily secretion (sebum) through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying
Parts of a neuron
axon, dendrite, cell body
Section 2
(50 cards)
actual filtration process of the kidneys occurs through what?
glomerulus in bowman's capsule
Food after stomach
chyme
major endocrine glands
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads
monocyte function
phagocytosis, develop into macrophages in tissue
Motor (efferent) nerves
carry impulses away from the CNS to effector organs
The hypothalamus
governs the pituitary gland and is driven by hormones in the blood
Layers of the digestive tract
Deep to Superficial Mucous Membrane submucous membrane muscular layer serous layer
leukocytes
white blood cells
External respiration
the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
Digestion and absorption of food occurs in the
small intestine
basophil function
release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin, an anticoagulant
All formed elements are produced from ______ in the _________
stem cells red bone marrow
5 portions of the large intestine
1. ascending colon 2. transverse colon 3. descending colon 4. sigmoid colon 5. rectum
diastole
Relaxation of the heart
Cerebellum
muscle coordination and balance
steroid vs nonsteroid hormones
steroid enter cell and act on DNA Nonsteroid stay at cell surface, use AMP
Spinal cord approximate length
18 inches
Upper respiratory tract is lined with
cilia
Alimentary canal
digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
Sensory (afferent) nerves
Transmit messages from the sensory receptors towards the CNS
Tropic hormones
STH GH ACTH TSH FSH LH
large intestine function
Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates undigested food
Five type of leukocytes
Neutrophils monocytes lymphocytes eosinophils basophils
systole
Contraction of the heart
Two major groups of hormones
steroid and nonsteroid hormones
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is
converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells
PNS is composed of
nerves and ganglia
The pancreas contributes to digestion in small intestine
water to dilute chyme bicarb ions to neutralize acid
Cerebrum
movement and sensory input
Simple (spinal) reflexes
Those in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain
Internal respiration
exchange of gases between blood and the body cells
most oxygen in the blood is
bound to hemoglobin
erythrocytes
red blood cells
eosinophil function
kill parasites, plays role in allergies and asthma
Pituitary gland is attached to hypothalamus by the:
Infundibulum
Hormones of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) are called
Tropic hormones because they act on other endocrine glands
walls of veins are ____ and ____ elastic than arteries
thinner less
Lobes of Pituitary Gland
anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis)
How many spinal nerves
31 pairs
medula oblongata
vital functions (heart rate and breathing)
3 Major sections of the small intestine
duodenum jejunum ileum
Hormones from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Oxytocin ADH
Spinal cord extends to this vertebrae
L1 or L2
functional units of the kidneys
nephrons
Neutrophil function
phagocytize pathogens or debris
Small fingerlike projections called _____ greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall.
villi
Food from mouth to stomach
bolus
lymphocyte function
mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies
Whole blood composition
55% plasma, 45% formed elements
Pituitary gland
Master gland
Section 3
(11 cards)