Section 1
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Date created
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Cards (82)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Weight
the force that is exerted on the mass of an object by gravity
Matter
• physical material of universe • has mass and occupies space
Property
any characteristic that allows recognition to a particular type of matter and distinguishes it from other types
example of chemical property :
• flammability
The law of constant composition (law of definite proportions)
observation that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same
Distillation
process used in homogenous mixtures to separate its components and is dependent on different abilities of substances to for gases.
Physical properties
observed without changing identity and composition of substance.
Homogenous mixtures
mixtures that are uniform throughout
Elements
substances that compose matter
Chemical change (chemical reaction)
substance is transformed into a chemically different substance
What is similar/different about liquids and solids?
The distance between molecules but they differ in how freely they are.
Mass
measure of amount of material in an object
Another name for homogenous mixtures
solutions
The scientific method(4)
Observations Question Hypothesis Theory
Atoms
small building blocks of matter
Example of a physical change:
• All changes of state
Zero on Kelvin scale is also known as
absolute zero
Types of composition(3)
• Element • Compound • Mixture
examples of physical properties:
• color • order • density • boiling point • melting point • hardness
2 changes substances undergo
• physical change • chemical change
2 types of mixtures
• heterogenous mixtures • homogenous mixtures
• Freezing point: • Boiling point:
• Freezing point: 0 ° C (32 ° F) • Boiling point: 100 ° C (212 ° F) at sea level
Chemical properties
describe way a substance may change(react) to form other substances
Intensive properties
do not depend on amount of examined sample and can identify substances
Heterogenous mixtures
mixtures do not have same composition, properties, and appearance throughout
Compounds
• substances composed of 2 or more elements • contain 2 different atoms
Molecules
2 or more atoms are joined in specific shapes
2 types of pure substances:
• Elements • Compounds
3 ways to separate compounds
• filtration • distillation • chromatography
Metric system
units used for scientific measurements
2 ways Matter is characterized by:
• Its physical state (States of matter) • its composition
solid
molecules are held tightly together in definite arrangements; has a definite shape and a definite volume; Uniformly fills
Mixtures
combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity. Its composition can vary.
The separation of mixtures takes advantage of...
differences in properties
2 types of properties of matter:
• physical properties • chemical properties
gas
Molecules are far apart, moving at high speeds, colliding with each other and walls. Increasing compression reduces the amount of space and makes them collide more frequently; no fixed volume or shape ; uniformly fills its container
3 things chemists do:
• Make new types of matter: materials, substances, or combinations of substances with desired properties • Measure the properties of matter • Develop models that explain and/or predict the properties of matter
Physical change
substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition
Examples of intensive properties:
• temperature • melting point
Temperature
• measure of hotness/coldness of an object • a physical property that determines direction of heat flow (flows spontaneously from substance of high heat to one with lower temp.)
Pure substance
matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample.
Extensive properties
depend on amount of sample
Law of conservation of mass
In a chemical reaction there is no change in the total mass of materials reacting when compared to those that have formed.
Scientific Law
constant repeated behavior that nature does under different conditions
liquid
molecules packed closely together; move rapidly making them slide over each other; has a distinct volume dependent of its container ; assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies
Examples of extensive properties:
• mass • volume
Chemistry is used for...(4)
• energy • biochemistry • technology • medicine.
Elements
• substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances • Contain only one atom
Chemistry
study of matter (such as the changes it undergoes, properties, and behavior)
3 states of matter
• gas • liquid • solid
Section 2
(32 cards)