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Biology

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Section 1

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Recombination

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Biology Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (24)

Section 1

(24 cards)

Recombination

Front

The formation of new combinations of genes, either naturally, by crossing over or independent assortment, or in the laboratory by direct manipulation of genetic material.

Back

Genetics

Front

Something that gets passed down from generations.

Back

Trait

Front

A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

Back

Hybrid

Front

In biology a hybrid, also known as cross breed(mixed), goes through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, and species.

Back

Recessive

Front

In genetics, a recessive gene or allele is one in which the effect is not tangible, or is masked by the effects of the dominant gene. The recessive trait may be expressed when the recessive genes are in homozygous condition or when the dominant gene is not present.

Back

Meiosis

Front

Meiosis is the process by which the nucleus divides in all sexually reproducing organisms during the production of spores or gametes. These cells have a single set of chromosomes and are called haploid, as opposed to diploid cells with two sets.

Back

Homologous

Front

(of chromosomes) pairing at meiosis and having the same structural features and pattern of genes.

Back

Haploid

Front

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. (of an organism or part) composed of haploid cells.

Back

Hybrid

Front

In biology a hybrid, also known as cross breed, is the result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species or genera. Using genetic terminology, it may be defined as follows.

Back

Phenotype

Front

(1)The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment. (2) The expression of a particular trait, for example, skin color, height, behavior, etc., according to the individual's genetic makeup and environment.

Back

Allele

Front

You get one allele from each parent, and it's one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Back

Zygote

Front

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Back

Diploid

Front

(Of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Back

Heterozygous

Front

The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. Like all words with the prefix hetero, this has to do with things that are different — specifically genes... If you inherited the same gene from both parents, it's homozygous —the same.

Back

Heredity

Front

The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

Back

sex linked crosses

Front

They are responsible for the genes that determine gender (maleness or femaleness). Any gene on a sex chromosome is referred to as sex-linked. In humans, the two sex chromosomes are the X and Y. In humans, the Y chromosome determines a male and is dominant; the X chromosome determines a female and is recessive.

Back

Dominant

Front

A dominant thing; taking over; over ruling

Back

Chromosome

Front

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Back

Law of segregation

Front

The principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.

Back

Genetic

Front

The study of heredity

Back

Law of independent assortment

Front

The principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together. Expand. Also called Mendel's second law, Mendel's law.

Back

Homozygous

Front

Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles, and they can be dominant or recessive. When an individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive, they are homozygous. Heterozygous means having one each of two different alleles.

Back

Crossing over

Front

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

Back

Genotype

Front

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Back