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AP Physics, Chapter 12 - 13, Thermal Physics

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Section 1

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combined gas law

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (28)

Section 1

(28 cards)

combined gas law

Front

for a fixed amount of an ideal gas, the pressure times the volume, divided by the Kelvin temperature equals a constant; reduces to Boyle's law if temperature is constant and to Charles's law if pressure is constant

Back

zeroth law of thermodynamics

Front

two systems, each in thermal equilibrium with a third, are in thermal equilibrium with each other

Back

Carnot cycle

Front

consists of two reversible isothermal and two reversible adiabatic processess

Back

Kelvin

Front

temperature scale that uses absolute zero as its reference zero

Back

isothermal

Front

constant temperature

Back

isochoric

Front

constant volume

Back

heat of fusion

Front

the amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid state to a liquid state at its melting point

Back

ideal gas law

Front

for an ideal gas, the pressure times the volume is equal to the number of moles, times the constant, R, and the Kelvin temperature; predicts the behavior of gases remarkably well unless under high-pressure or low-temperature conditions

Back

heat

Front

energy transferred between two objects in contact with one another and always flows from the hotter object to the cooler object

Back

conduction

Front

the process by which kinetic energy is transferred when particles collide

Back

second law of thermodynamics

Front

states that natural processes go in a direction that maintains or increases the total entropy of the universe, heat can only flow from a warmer body to cooler body

Back

absolute zero

Front

the lowest temperature that is theoretically possible, at which the motion of particles would be minimal, 0 K, -273.15°C or -459.67°F

Back

adiabatic

Front

a process in which no heat enters or leaves the system

Back

specific heat

Front

the amount of energy that must be added to a material to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one temperature unit

Back

heat engine

Front

a device that continuously converts thermal energy to mechanical energy; requires a high-temperature thermal energy source, a low-temperature receptacle (a sink), and a way to convert the thermal energy into work

Back

Fahrenheit

Front

temperature scale that has a steam point of 212 degrees

Back

coefficient of linear expansion

Front

a change in length divided by the original length and the change in temperature

Back

isobaric

Front

constant pressure

Back

first law of thermodynamics

Front

states that the change in thermal energy of an object is equal to the heat that is added to the object plus the work done on the object

Back

thermal expansion

Front

a property of all forms of matter that causes the matter to expand, becoming less dense, when heated

Back

temperature

Front

the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules

Back

internal energy

Front

sum of kinetic and potential energy associated with the atoms composing a system

Back

entropy

Front

a measure of the disorder in a system

Back

Celsius

Front

temperature scale that divides the interval between the ice point and the steam point into 100 intervals and takes the ice point as zero

Back

thermal equilibrium

Front

the state in which the rate of energy flow between two objects is equal and the objects are at the same temperature

Back

convection

Front

a type of thermal energy transfer that occurs from the motion of fluid in liquid or gas that is caused by differences in temperature

Back

radiation

Front

the thermal transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves through the vacuum of space

Back

heat of vaporization

Front

the amount of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from a liquid state to a gaseous state at its boiling point

Back