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Section 1

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Urgency incontinence

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Pathology

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (38)

Section 1

(38 cards)

Urgency incontinence

Front

Overactive bladder b/c detrusor muscle hyperactivity

Back

Renal Papillary necrosis

Front

sloughing of necrotic renal papillae associated with sickle cell disease or trait, acute pyelonephritis, analgesics, DM

Back

Ammonium Magnesium phosphate Kidney Stones

Front

Increased pH; Radiopaque

Back

Transitional cell carcinoma

Front

Most common tumor of urinary tract system; Associated with Phenacetin, smoking, aniline dyes, cyclophosphamide

Back

Consequences of renal failure

Front

Metabolic Acidosis, Dyslipidemia, Hyperkalemia, Uremia, Na/H2O retention, Growth retardation and developmental delay, Erythropoietin failure, Renal Osteodystrophy

Back

Diffuse Proliferative glomerulonephritis

Front

Nephritic; SLE; Wire looping on LM; EM: sub endothelial and sometime intramembranous deposits; IF: granular appearance

Back

Calcium Kidney Stones

Front

Radiopaque, hypocitraturia; can result from ethylene glycol, vitamin c abuse,\

Back

RBC Casts

Front

glomerulonephritis, malignant HTN

Back

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

Front

chronic irritation of urinar bladder Schistosoma, chronic cystitis, smoking

Back

Stress incontinence

Front

Outlet incompetence; leak with increased intra-abdominal pressure

Back

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Front

Nephrotic; LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis EM:effacement of foot processes AA, Hispanics, heroin

Back

Cystine Kidney Stones

Front

Radiolucent; decreased pH, Hereditary

Back

Chronic pyeloephritis

Front

Vesicouretal reflux or chronically obstructing kidney stones; can contain eosinophilic casts resembling thyroid tissue

Back

Membranous nephropathy

Front

Nephrotic; LM: capillary and GBM thickening IF: granular as a result of immune complex deposition EM: spike and dome appearance SLE; phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies, infections, solid tumors

Back

Acute interstitial nephritis

Front

Diuretics, NSAIDs, Penicillins/Cephalosporins, PPIs, Rifampin fever, rash, hematuria, CVA tenderness; after drugs that act as haptens inducing hypersensitivity

Back

Waxy Casts

Front

End stage renal disease

Back

Nephroblastoma

Front

Large palpable, unilateral flank mass, and or hemturia Loss of function WT1/WT2 on chromosome 11 WAGR: Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations, mental retardation/intellectual disability

Back

WBC Casts

Front

Tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection

Back

Fatty Casts

Front

nephrotic syndrome

Back

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Front

Increased FENa maintenance phase:oliguric lasts 1-3 weeks; hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, uremia recovery phase: polyuric with hypokalemia ischemic/nephrotoxic substances

Back

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritic

Front

Nephritic/Nephrotic; Subendothelial deposits or dense deposit type I: hep B or C type II: C3 nephritic factor

Back

Amyloidosis

Front

Nephrotic

Back

Acute kidney injury

Front

Back

Simple vs. Complex Renal Cysts

Front

Simple cysts are filled with ultrafiltrate Complex cysts: solid components on imaging

Back

Renal Oncocytoma

Front

Originates from Collecting ducts; large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing; Painless hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass

Back

Hyaline casts

Front

nonspecific

Back

Granular casts

Front

ATN

Back

Nephrotic Syndrome Characteristics

Front

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyper coagulable state, increased risk of infection

Back

Acute PSGN

Front

Nephritic; 2-4 weeks after group A strep; Type III hypersensitivity; EM: subepithelial; IF: granular appearance; LM: glomeruli enlarged and hypercelular; Decreased complement levels

Back

Overflow incontinence

Front

incomplete emptying b/c detrusor under activity or outlet obstruction causing leak with overfilling

Back

Alport Syndrome

Front

Nephritic; type IV collagen probelm

Back

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Front

Originates from PCT cells; golden-yellow due to lipid content;

Back

Minimal Change disease

Front

Nephrotic; LM:normal glomeruli, EM: defacement of foot processes

Back

Medullary Cystic Disease

Front

Inherited disease causing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive renal insufficiency with inability to concentrate

Back

Uric Acid Kidney Stones

Front

Radiolucent; Decreased PH; associated with hyperuricemia; acidic pH

Back

Diabetic Glomerulonephropathy

Front

LM: mesangial expansion, GBM thickening, eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis Nephrotic

Back

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Front

Nephritic; LM and IF: crescent moon shapes that are composed of fibrin and macrophages Goodpasture, Wegner, Microscopic Polyangitis

Back

IgA nephropathy

Front

Nephritic; LM: mesangial proliferation, EM: mesangial IC deposits, IF: IgA based IC deposits in mesangium; Type III hypersensitivity

Back