Section 1
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Atmosphere
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (84)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Atmosphere
The emotional feeling -or mood- of a place, scene, or event(Purpose: Create emotional effects)
Chiasmus
Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea(Ex: "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.")
Juxtaposition
When two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison(Ex: Milton's "Paradise Lost" - God(good) and Satan(bad))
Periodic Sentence
Presents the main clause at the end of the sentence, for emphasis(Ex: Unable to join the others at the dance because of my sprained ankle, I went to a movie.)
Inversion
reversal of the usual or natural order of words; anastrophe(Ex: Where in the world were you?)
Archaic Diction
the use of words that are old-fashioned or no longer commonly used(Ex: "steed" instead of "horse" or "stallion")
Paradox
A seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth(Ex: "I can resist anything but temptation" - Oscar Wilde)
Caricature
A grotesque or exaggerated likeness of striking qualities in persons and things( Purpose: Portray important political or artistic ideas)
Pedantic
An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish(Purpose: Teach something in a complicated manner)
Non-periodic sentence
A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses(Ex: I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall.)
Invective
An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language(Ex: Chicken for coward)
Allegory
Fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts(Purpose: Convey difficult idea through an in-depth metaphorical narrative)
Homily
Includes any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice(Purpose: Convey moral lesson, mainly a religious one)
Clause
A structural element of a sentence, consisting of a grammatical subject and a predicate(Ex: Ghost stories are a lot of fun, if you tell them late at night with the lights off.)
Colloquial Language
Slang or common language that is informal(Ex: "That totally grossed me out.")
Conceit
A witty or ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language(Ex: "Love is like an oil change.")
Oxymoron
Two contradictory words in one expression(Ex: jumbo shrimp)
Parallelism
A literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures(Ex: John likes to play tennis, bake cake, and read books.)
Diction
An author's choice of words(Purpose: Create & convey a typical mood, tone and atmosphere)
Inference
To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented(Ex: Norman sees cookie crumbs on the floor and chocolate around his son's mouth. Norman infers that his son must have eaten some cookies from the cookie jar.)
Antecedent
Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun(Ex: The weather is great today; let's make the most of it by going to the beach.)
Narrative
The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events(Purpose: Gain a deep insight of culture and develop some sort of understanding towards it)
Imagery
A mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations(Purpose: Generate a vibrant presentation of a scene that appeals to as many of the reader's senses as possible)
Analogy
The correspondence or resemblance between two things that are essentially different(Ex: medicine : illness :: law : anarchy)
Allusion
A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another thing, idea, or person(Ex: Aslan in "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe" represents Christ)
Hyperbole
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis(Ex: Your suitcase weighs a ton!)
Onomatopoeia
An effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning(Ex: Moo!)
Ambiguity
Uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation(Ex: I rode a black horse in red pajamas.)
Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words
Litotes
A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity(Ex: New York is not an ordinary city.)
Antithesis
An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses(Ex: Man proposes, God disposes.)
Euphemism
A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea(Ex: Correctional facility instead of jail)
Antimetabole
Half of expression is balanced, other half is backwards.(Ex: "Eat to live, not live to eat." - Socrates)
Figure of Speech
A device used to produce figurative language(Ex: Metaphor)
Appositive
A word or phrase that follow a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity(Purpose(s): Provide essential or non-essential information, Gives meanings to sentences in different texts, etc)
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it(Ex: Let me give you a hand; hand means help)
Connotative
The interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning(Ex: "Wall Street" = wealth and power)
Mood
The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event(Purpose: Evoke various emotional responses in readers and ensure their emotional attachment as they read the book)
Irony
When a situation produces and outcome that is the opposite of what is expected(Ex: The name of Britain's biggest dog was "Tiny".)
Exigence
An issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak(Ex: PSAs about particular health issues)
Apostrophe
A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker(Ex: "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star")
Denotation
the literal or dictionary meaning of a word(Ex: Dog suggests an ugly face.)
Metaphor
A figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared directly(Ex: My brother was boiling mad.)
Genre
The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama(Ex: Non-fiction)
Figurative Language
All uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison(Ex: Personification)
Extended Metaphor
A series of comparisons between two unlike objects(Ex: Bobby Holloway says my imagination is a three-hundred-ring circus. Currently I was in ring two hundred and ninety-nine, with elephants dancing and clowns cart wheeling and tigers leaping through rings of fire. The time had come to step back, leave the main tent, go buy some popcorn and a Coke, bliss out, cool down." (Dean Koontz, Seize the Night. Bantam, 1999))
Anaphora
repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row(Ex: "This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England,This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings [. . .]This land of such dear souls, this dear dear land,") from Act 2 Scene 1 of "Richard II"
Asyndeton/ Polysyndeton
Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.(Ex: "Without looking, without making a sound, without talking" from Sophecles' "Oedipus at Colonus")
Parody
An effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing a comic imitation of the work(Ex: SNL)
Didactic
Writing which has the purpose of teaching or instructing(Ex: Religious texts(teach us about the reality of God))
Section 2
(34 cards)