Section 1
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Primary Economy
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Cards (61)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Primary Economy
Any economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.
Von Thunen Model
Theory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.
1st Agric Revo Change
Nomadic herders to sedentary lifestyle and intentional farming
Slash-and-Burn is also known as
Patch agriculture Milpa(Yucatan peninsula) Swidden(Indonesia) Chitemene (Nambia) Ladang(Old english meaning to farm)
Intensive Farming
Subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relative large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a pared of land.
Von Thunen ring (4)
Livestock ranching Low land cost and marginalized land
Labor-intensive Animals
Animals that require constant tending, includes dairy cow and poultry for eggs.
Agribusiness
System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.
Cash Crop Examples
Worldwide Cotton Rubber Amazon Rice India Sugar from Caribbean
Mechanization
In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.
Commercial Grain Farming
Wheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt
Transhumance
Movement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.
Western Africa domesticated what?
Millet(China), Sorghum
Market Gardens
Small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers, Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually.
2nd Agriculture Revolution Sustained by...
Mechanical reaper Combustible engine Seed drill Railroad Refrigeration Artificial feed New banking practices
Commercial Crops
A crop grown for direct sale rather than for livestock feed.
Shifting Cultivation Steps and Characteristics
Steps: Clear land Plant land Fallow(not planting anything so soil can replenish itself) Come back to land when it is full of nutrients Characteristics: Low quality land Low population density
Nomadism
Dry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land
Mixed livestock and grain
Raise domesticated animals and growing feed
Coffee
Ethiopian Origin US #1 consumer Central America and Africa produce it
S. Mexico domesticated what?
squash, beans, cotton, Maize(Corn),
Plantation farming
Tropics In LDCs Owned by MDCs Cash crops
Cash Cropping
Planting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.
Livestock Ranching
Raising of domesticated animals for food or items like leather Climate: Dry Growing industry As countries develop, meat eating increases Standard of living increases Not near market Bulk-reducing industry
3rd Agric Revo Defintion
new strains with higher yields through genetic manipulation to increase yield through the use of herbicides and fertilizers
Plantation Agriculture
Raising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.
1st Agric Revo Impact
Birth of civilization Birth of urban areas Birth of government Birth of class structures(social stratified) Before this egalitarian Created irrigation Created farmers,slaves, government officials, merchants Surplus of food Led to writing Began trading which led to system of defense Towns located on high ground(acropolis) and water
2nd Agriculture Revolution Location
England, Denmark, Netherlands
Green Revolution
An outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.
Von Thunen ring (3)
Food grains and cash crops
Dairying
Climate: Cold Perishable Area surrounding dairying is milk shed Closer to market North Latitude Bulk-gaining Bottling fluid
How to increase GMOs
1. Purchase artificial fertilizer Chemicals 2. Irrigation system 3. Purchase herbicides/pesticides 4. Purchase machines to keep up with production 5. Need a receptive environment 6. Need receptive commodity markets 7. Barriers to implementation Poor, unreceptive environment river water
Von Thunen ring (2)
Forestry and growing feed grains Wood: Fuel and building materials Feed: Food for livestock
Mediterranean
Dry summers High rainfall needed France, Spain, Greece, North Africa, Australia, Chile, California Produce grapes, citrus, etc. Wine production
GMOs
Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value; Genetically Modified Organisms.
Commercial Farming Positives
Increase yield Keeps food costs low
SW Asia domesticated what?
Wheat, Barley, Rice(India)
What two factors influenced Von Thunen model?
Perishability and Transport Costs
Shifting Cultivation Location
Subtropics and Tropics
Von Thunen ring outside city(1)
Market gardening/dairying/feedlot Feedlots fatten livestock before slaughter Skinny before sent near market
Double Cropping
Planting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.
Sustainable Yield
Rate of crop production that can be maintained over time.
Monoculture
Dependence on a single agricultural commodity.
Commercial Farming Negatives
Use of chemicals Human health Younger age of puberty Cancer increase Environment Rainforest destruction Desertification Rise in sustainably sourced farming Local and organic Blue zone where business collaborate to show thi
Labor-intensive Crops
Includes fruits, garden vegetables, herbs, and anything requiring constant tending or wielding.
1st Agric Revo Location
Nile River Valley/Fertile Crescent
Market Gardening
Items people garden Near market since items are perishable Suitcase farms Rely on migrant labor
Animal Husbandry
An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals, such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats.
SE Asia domesticated what?
Yams, Taro Root, Bananas, palm oil, cattle, sheep, goats
Tea
Most production in Asia China British own most tea plantations
Section 2
(11 cards)