"Eureka!", used density considerations to determine purity of gold; ratios between the surface areas and volumes of a sphere and a circumscribed cylinder' accurately estimated pi; his "method of exhaustion."
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Joseph Conrad
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Author of Heart of Darkness
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Ernest Rutherford
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New Zealand; Gold foil experiment: atom made up of positively charged nucleus surrounded by cloud of negatively charged electrons; 1908 Nobel Prize
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Oder
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River at German-Polish border
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Issac Newton
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Generalized binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, feud with Gottfried Leibniz
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Pierre de Fermat
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French; "little theorem"; last theorum; titular primes
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Rhone
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Flows directly into Mediterranean; originates in Swiss Alps, flows into Lake Geneva; goes through France
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Walter Scott
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Author of Ivanhoe
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William Thackeray
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Author of Vanity Fair
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George Bernard Shaw
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Wrote Pygmalion
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Puccini
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Madama Butterfly
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Euler
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Swiss; went blind, graph theory; modern notation for e; trigonometric functions
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Seine
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Second longest river in France; flows through Paris
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Beethoven
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Symphony No. 9, "Choral" and Symphony No. 6, "Pastoral", and
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Lorraine Hansberry
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Wrote A Raisin in the Sun
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Samuel Beckett
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Wrote Waiting for Godot
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Willa Cather
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Author of My Antonia
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Euclid
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Wrote The Elements
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Thomas Mann
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Author of The Magic Mountain
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Giovanni Boccaccio
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Wrote the Decameron
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Herman Melville
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Author of Billy Budd
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Rhine
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Begins in the Swiss Alps, flows west along the German-Swiss border, German-French border; enters the North Sea at a delta in the Netherlands. Flows through Basel, Strasbourg, Mainz, Bonn, Cologne, and Rotterdam; Lorelai
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Robert Penn Warren
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Author of All the King's Men
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Bizet
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Carmen
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Henrik Ibsen
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Wrote A Doll's House
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Washington Irving
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Wrote Rip van Winkle
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John Bunyan
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Author of Pilgrim's Progress
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Kurt Gödel
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Austrian; two incompleteness theorems proving that every formal system that was powerful enough to express ordinary arithmetic must necessarily contain statements that were true, but which could not be proved within the system itself.
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Loire
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France's longest river
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Gottfried Leibniz
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Feuded with Newton over who invented calculus
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge
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Wrote the Rime of the Ancient Mariner
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Po
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Italy's longest river
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Thames
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Flows through London
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Andrew Wiles
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Taniyama-Shimura conjecture that all rational semi-stable elliptic curves are modular, corollary of that result established Fermat's Last Theorem.
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Eugene O'Neill
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Wrote Long Day's Journey Into Night
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Danube
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Begins in Germany's Black Forest; goes through 4 capitals (Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, and Belgrade)
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Shannon
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Ireland's longest river
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William Rowan Hamilton
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Irish; invented quaternion
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Carl Frederick Gauss
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German; "Prince of Mathematics"; wrote Disquisitiones Arithmeticae; supposedly found formula for summation of arithmetic sequence during busy work in primary school
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Tagus
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Iberian Peninsula; passes through Spain, Portugal
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Alfred, Lord Tennyson
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Wrote the Charge of the Light Brigade
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Berlioz
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Symphonie fantastique
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Daniel DeFoe
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Author of Robinson Crusoe
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Stravinsky
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The Rite of Spring
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Niels Bohr
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Danish; Created a model of the atom in which electrons resided in specific energy levels at specific stable radii. Contributed to Manhattan Project.