a number that can NOT be expressed as a fraction; includes decimals that never end or repeat - Pi or any square root of an imperfect square are considered irrational
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coefficient
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A number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression.
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rational number
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Any number that can be written as a fraction; includes natural, whole, and integer numbers; includes decimals that end or repeat
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variable
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A letter that represents a value that can change or vary
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range
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All of the output or y values in a function
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quadratic formula
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-b±[√b²-4ac]/2a
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standard form
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when the terms of a polynomial are arranged in 1) alphabetical order and 2) exponential order (from largest to smallest)
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coordinate plane
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A coordinate system formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis.
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vertex
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the point where the axis of symmetry and the graph of a quadratic meet
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domain
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All of the input or x values in a function
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quadratic function
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A function that can be written in the form f(x) = ax2+bx+c, where a,b,and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0
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x-intercept
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x coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the x axis; y coordinate of this point is zero
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constant term
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A value that does not change; an integer without a variable in an expression or equation
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radical
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another name for a square root
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function
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A relation in which each element of the domain is paired with exactly one element in the range
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factoring (quadratic)
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reverse distribution of a quadratic function
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GCF
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The greatest number/variable that is a factor of each of two or more numbers.
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algebraic expression
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A mathematical phrase made up of terms; each term is separated by a + or -
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polynomial
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another name for an algebraic expression; special cases include monomial (one term), binomial (two terms), and trinomial (3 terms)
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system of linear equations
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Two or more linear equations to be solved at the same time (with the same variables)
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axis of symmetry
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the line that divides the parabola into two matching halves; x=-b/2a; the x-value of the vertex
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slope
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Rise over run;
The steepness of a line on a graph;
(y₂-y₁)/(x₂-x₁)
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parabola
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the graph of a quadratic function
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y-intercept
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y-coordinate of a point on a line that crosses the y-axis; when x = 0 (ex: (0,3))
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term
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A number, a variable, or a combination of a number and a variable
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like terms
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Expressions that contain the same variables to the same power (exponent)
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ordered pair
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A pair of numbers that can be used to locate a point on a coordinate plane, for example (3,2); also known as a coordinate or a point