Section 1
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Cards (167)
Section 1
(50 cards)
composite
A ____ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.
derived
If the focus is on data-retrieval speed, you might also be forced to include ____ attributes in the design, which would not ordinarily be done.
existence
If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be ____-independent.
dependency
In a(n) ____ diagram, the arrows above the attributes indicate all desirable dependencies.
maximum and minimum
Knowing the ____ number of entity occurrences is very helpful at the application software level.
simple
A ____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.
dashed line
A derived attribute is indicated in the Chen model by a ____.
three
Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. For most purposes in business database design, ____ stages are as high as you need to go in the normalization process.
repeating group
A relational table must not contain a(n) ____.
optionality
The term "____" is used to label any condition in which one or more optional relationships exist.
domain
The set of possible values for an attribute is a ____.
optional
If Tiny College had some departments that were classified as "research only," they would not offer courses; therefore, the COURSE entity would be ____ to the DEPARTMENT entity.
existence
An entity is said to be ____-dependent if it can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity occurrence.
weak
A ____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.
weak
The M:N relationship between STUDENT and CLASS must be divided into two 1:M relationships through the use of the ENROLL entity; the ENROLL entity is ____.
person's age
A ____ should be a derived attribute.
There is no primary key
The ____ attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition: CLASS (CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM, PROF_NUM)
1NF
A table that has all key attributes defined, has no repeating groups, and all its attributes are dependent on the primary key, is said to be in ____.
single-valued
A ____ attribute can have only one value.
conceptual
Some ____ database modeling concepts can be expressed only using the Chen notation
composite
A ____ identifier is composed of more than one attribute
simple
Some attributes are classified as ____.
recursive
If an employee within an EMPLOYEE entity has a relationship with itself, that relationship is known as a ____ relationship.
normalization stages
1NF, 2NF, and 3NF are ____.
Multivalued
____ attributes can have many values.
entities
A relationship is an association between ____.
M:N
Although the conceptual model can handle ____ relationships and multivalued attributes, you should not implement them in the RDBMS.
partial
Dependencies based on only a part of a composite primary key are called ____ dependencies.
(1,1)
The Crow's foot symbol with two parallel lines indicates ____ cardinality.
DKNF
Of the following normal forms, ____ is mostly of theoretical interest.
determines
Attribute A ____ attribute B if all of the rows in the table that agree in value for attribute A also agree in value for attribute B.
underlining
In an ER diagram, primary keys are indicated by ____.
strong
Another word for existence-independent is ____.
information
Complex ____ requirements may dictate data transformations, and they may expand the number of entities and attributes within the design.
repeating group
A ____ derives its name from the fact that a group of multiple entries of the same type can exist for any single key attribute occurrence.
mandatory
The existence of a(n) ____ relationship indicates that the minimum cardinality is at least 1 for the mandatory entity.
prime
An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) ____ attribute.
data integrity problems
Data redundancy produces ____.
anomalies
A table that displays data redundancies yields ____.
need not be physically stored within the database
A derived attribute ____.
4NF
Some very specialized applications may require normalization beyond the ____.
(min, max)
In the ERD, cardinality is indicated using the ____ notation.
domain
Attributes may share a ____.
weak
When the PK of one entity does not contain the PK of a related entity, the relationship is ____.
Denormalization
____ yields better performance.
associative
A(n) ____ entity is composed of the primary keys of each of the entities to be connected.
1NF
From a structural point of view, 2NF is better than ____.
one
Ideally, an entity identifier is composed of ____ attribute(s)
transitive dependency
A(n) ____ exists when there are functional dependencies such that Y is functionally dependent on X and Z is functionally dependent on Y, and X is the primary key.
Create a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations.
The following step occurs first in the process of building an ERD: ____.
Section 2
(50 cards)
BCNF
A table where every determinant is a candidate key is said to be in ____.
2NF
Before converting a table into 3NF, it is imperative the table already be in ____.
three
The ANSI standard defines ____ type(s) of outer join(s)
AutoNumber
To generate a surrogate key, Microsoft Access uses a(n) ____ data type.
DECODE
The Oracle ____ function compares an attribute or expression with a series of values and returns an associated value or a default value if no match is found.
3NF
For most business transactional databases, we should normalize relations into ____.
inner
When using a(n) ____ join, only rows that meet the given criteria are returned.
3NF
Most designers consider the BCNF as a special case of the ____.
Numeric
The most likely data type for a surrogate key is ____.
SMALLINT
The ____ data type is compatible with NUMBER.
FROM table1 LEFT [OUTER] JOIN table2
The syntax for a left outer join is ____.
4NF
A table where all attributes are dependent on the primary key and are independent of each other, and no row contains two or more multivalued facts about an entity, is said to be in ____.
atomicity
Improving ____ leads to more flexible queries.
IN
The ____ operator could be used in place of INTERSECT if the RDBMS does not support it.
3NF
A table that is in 2NF and contains no transitive dependencies is said to be in ____.
subquery
A ____ is a query (SELECT statement) inside a query.
sequence
The Oracle equivalent to an MS Access AutoNumber is a(n) ____.
flexibility
In a real-world environment, we must strike a balance between design integrity and ____.
PSM
A(n) ____ is a block of code (containing standard SQL statements and procedural extensions) that is stored and executed at the DBMS server.
NOT IN
The ____ operator could be used in place of MINUS if the RDBMS does not support it.
names of the relation attributes must be the same and their data types must be alike
"Union-compatible" means that the ____.
2NF
A table that is in 1NF and includes no partial dependencies is said to be in ____.
partial dependencies
If a table has multiple candidate keys and one of those candidate keys is a composite key, the table can have ____ based on this composite candidate key, even when the primary key chosen is a single attribute.
outer
In subquery terminology, the first query in the SQL statement is known as the ____ query.
make sure entities are in normal form before table structures are created
When designing a database, you should ____.
query UNION query
The syntax for the UNION query is ____.
Data warehouse
____ databases reflect the ever-growing demand for greater scope and depth in the data on which decision support systems increasingly rely.
cross
The statement SELECT * FROM T1, T2 produces a(n) ____ join.
entities
Normalization represents a micro view of the ____ within the ERD.
MINUS
The ____ statement in SQL combines rows from two queries and returns only the rows that appear in the first set but not in the second.
NEXTVAL
The ____ pseudo-column is used to select the next value from a sequence.
JOIN ON
If you wish to create an inner join, but the two tables do not have a commonly named attribute, you can use a(n) ____ clause.
144
How many rows would be returned from a cross join of tables A and B, if A contains 8 rows and B contains 18?
inner
In a subquery, the ____ query is executed first.
DATE()
The ____ function returns the current system date in MS Access.
compromises that include denormalization
The conflicts between design efficiency, information requirements, and processing speed are often resolved through ____.
derived
From a system functionality point of view, ____ attribute values can be calculated when they are needed to write reports or invoices.
MINUS
____ is a relational set operator.
full outer
A ____ join returns rows with matching values and includes all rows from both tables (T1 and T2) with unmatched values.
temporary
An example of denormalization is using a ____ denormalized table to hold report data. This is required when creating a tabular report in which the columns represent data that is stored in the table as rows.
three
If you have three different transitive dependencies, ____ different determinant(s) exist.
candidate
BCNF can be violated only if the table contains more than one ____ key.
CHAR(15)
The ____ data type is considered compatible with VARCHAR(35).
UNION
The ____ query combines rows from two queries and excludes duplicates.
has no multivalued dependencies
A table is in 4NF if it is in 3NF and ____.
outer
A(n) ____ join returns not only the rows matching the join condition (that is, rows with matching values in the common columns) but also the rows with unmatched values.
natural
A(n) ____ join will select only the rows with matching values in the common attribute(s).
the level of detail represented by the values stored in a table's row
Granularity refers to ____.
cannot be further subdivided
An atomic attribute ____.
JOB_CHG_HOUR
According to naming conventions described in Chapter 2, ____ would be the best name for a column representing the charges per hour in a table named JOB.
Section 3
(50 cards)
procedural SQL
In Oracle, ____ make(s) it possible to merge SQL and traditional programming constructs, such as variables, conditional processing (IF-THEN-ELSE), basic loops (FOR and WHILE loops,) and error trapping.
database
The process of database design and implementation is ____ development.
unrelated
As long as two transactions, T1 and T2, access ____ data, there is no conflict, and the order of execution is irrelevant to the final outcome.
to create complete, normalized, nonredundant, and fully integrated conceptual, logical, and physical database models
The primary objective of database design is ____.
maintenance
Evaluation, maintenance, and enhancement are part of the ____ phase of the SDLC.
entity relationship modeling and normalization
The conceptual design step that defines entities, attributes, and relationships is ____.
The program is abnormally terminated.
ANSI defines four events that signal the end of a transaction. Of the following events, which is defined by ANSI as being equivalent to a ROLLBACK?
introducing changes
The maintenance and evolution phase of the DBLC involves ____.
serializability and isolation
A single-user database system automatically ensures ____ of the database, because only one transaction is executed at a time.
database initial study
Analyzing the company situation is part of the ____ phase of the DBLC.
COMMIT
The ANSI has defined standards that govern SQL database transactions. Transaction support is provided by two SQL statements: ____ and ROLLBACK.
identify the ER model's central entity
The first step in the ER model verification process is to ____.
Physical security
____ allow(s) physical access to areas by authorized personnel only.
transaction log
The information stored in the ____ is used by the DBMS for a recovery requirement triggered by a ROLLBACK statement, a program's abnormal termination, or a system failure such as a network discrepancy or a disk crash.
implementation
Coding, testing, and debugging are part of the ____ phase of the SDLC.
CASE
The implementation of ____-produced applications tends to prolong the operational life of systems by making them easier to update and maintain.
Isolation
____ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.
one in which all data integrity constraints are satisfied
A consistent database state is ____.
Atomicity
____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed.
distributed database design
The conceptual design step that defines the DBMS and data model to use is ____.
analysis
"What are the requirements of the current system's end users?"is a question asked during the ____ phase of the SDLC.
analysis
The logical systems design is created during the ____ phase of the SDLC.
triggers
Oracle recommends ____ for creating audit logs.
data-model verification
The conceptual design step that identifies ER modules and validates insert, update, and delete rules is ____.
analysis
User requirements, existing system evaluation, and logical system design are part of the ____ phase of the SDLC.
data analysis and requirements
The conceptual design step that determines end-user views, outputs, and transaction-processing requirements is ____.
The end of a program is successfully reached.
ANSI defines four events that signal the end of a transaction. Of the following events, which is defined by ANSI as being equivalent to a COMMIT?
logical
A transaction is a ____ unit of work that must be either entirely completed or aborted.
Module
____ coupling describes the extent to which modules are independent of one another.
planning
The initial assessment and the feasibility study are part of the SDLC's ____ phase.
identify, analyze, and refine the business rules
The first step in developing the conceptual model using ER diagrams is to ____.
testing and evaluation
Testing, fine-tuning, and evaluating the database and its applications are part of the ____ phase of the DBLC.
detailed systems design
The design of the system's processes is completed during the ____ phase of the SDLC.
physical
The ____ design is the process of selecting the data storage and data access characteristics of the database.
lost updates
One of the three most common data integrity and consistency problems is ____.
implementation
The database is loaded during the ____ phase of the SDLC.
when the first SQL statement is encountered
The implicit beginning of a transaction is ____.
database design
Creating the conceptual design and selecting DBMS software are part of the ____ phase of the DBLC.
BEGIN
The PL/SQL block starts with the ____ clause.
atomicity, durability, consistency, and isolation
All transactions must display ____.
systems
The process of creating an information system is known as ____ development.
operation
Producing the required information flow is part of the ____ phase of the DBLC.
database initial study
The first step in the DBLC is ____.
detailed systems design
A detailed system specification is part of the ____ phase of the SDLC.
implementation and loading
Installing the DBMS, creating the database, and loading or converting the data are part of the ____ phase of the DBLC.
defining objectives
The database initial study phase of the DBLC involves ____.
planning
"Should the existing system be replaced?" is a question that is asked during the ____ stage of the SDLC.
RETURN
A stored function uses the ____ statement to return a value.
verification
During decentralized design, after the ____ process has been completed, all modules are integrated into one conceptual model.
database administrator
Once the data has been loaded into the database, the ____ tests and fine-tunes the database for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints.
Section 4
(17 cards)