Section 1
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nano (n)
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (84)
Section 1
(50 cards)
nano (n)
10^-9 (0.000000001) billionth
Scientific facts
A valid Observation about natural phenomenon: Does not explain the facts but has been repeatedly confirmed.
physical change
matter changes its appearances but not its composition (no bonds formed or broken)
Example of a pure substance
water gold table salt
homogenous mixture (solution)
a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout example sweetened tea
Scientific Method
a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation
Example of physical properties
the boiling point of wter when water boils, it changes from a liquid to a gas, but the gas is still water.
Example of Scientific Fact
water boils at 100C The density of mercury is 5.43 g/cm3
Element
A pure substance composed of only one type of atoms that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily example hydrocarbon and water
Law
is an observable relationship between 2 values.
example of a mixture
air and seawater air contains primarily nitrogen and oxygen sea water contains primarily salt and water
Example of Observation
Ice float in water (simple observation by the naked eye). Global temperatures have increased since late 1800's (complex observation using instruments)
physical property
anything that can be observed/ measured without chemical change: color, texture, density, boiling & melting points
Giga (G)
10^9 (billion)
milli (m)
10^-3 (0.001) thousandth
measured numbers
is an measured quantity by using a device and has some limit with it precision. If we measure the length of a piece of a paper to be 10.5 Inches, it is not exact. If we use a more precise ruler it might be close to 10.506 Inches. Or if we use a laser tool it might read 10.5058 inches.
hecto (h)
10^2 (hundred)
pure substance
composed of different atoms that are chemically united (bonded) in definite proportions
pico (p)
10^-12 (0.000000000001) trillionth
mixture
composed if different substances that are not chemically united but simply mixed together
chemical property
is a substance displays only through changing its composition. Anything describing a substance's ability to form new substances
What are scientific methods?
Observations, Hypotheses, Laws, Theories, and Scientific Fact.
Theory
is an explanation to explain why the relationship exists.
Hypothesis
is an explanation that is not yet supported by a lot of evidence
when a matter contains two types of atoms it may be a what
pure substance or a mixture
Mega (M)
10^6 (million)
example of chemical property
gasoline & oxygen make smoke and release heat. iron makes rust (with air)
Matter
Anything around the world which has MASS and occupies SPACE (VOLUME)
deci (d)
10^-1 (0.1) tenth
Compund
A pure substance composed of two or more elements in definite proportions Most elements are chemically reactive and combine with other elements to form compounds. Compounds can be separated chemically into corresponding elements.
Example of theories
Atomic theory. Hypotheses, laws, and theories must be tested and validated by experiment.
example of element
oxygen, hydrogen, aluminum, helium all known elements that are listed in the periodic table.
Example of a hypothesis
Industrial revolution's increase in carbon dioxide emissions has lead to increase in global temperatures since late 1800s. The molecular shape of ice causes it to flow in water.
What is every matter is made up of?
Atoms
Scientific Method Observations
usually involves the measurement or description of some aspect of nature
Example of laws
law of conservation of mass, Mass can not be created or destroyed. or law of conservation of energy, Boyle's law these are mathematical calculations. But they don't explain why?
Theories
Models that explain and give the underlying causes for observations and laws (how, why) well supported and VALIDATES HYPOTHESIS by experiment.
Tera (T)
10^12 (trillion)
exact number
are not measured quantities, but are instead defined or counted. ex: 1ft=12 inches 1qt=4 cups 4 pencils 2 baseball
kilo (k)
10^3 (thousand)
femto (f)
10^-15 (0.000000000000001) quadrillionth
micro (h)
10^-6 (0.00000001) millionth
example of compounds
water, table salt, sugar
deca (da)
10^1 (ten)
Chemistry
the branch of science which deals with the composition, structure, and the properties of matters and the changes that occurs in matters.
whats isn't matter?
thoughts energy light sound gravity
Scientific Method Laws
a brief statement that summarizes the past observations and predicts the future ones.
centi (c)
10^-2 (0.01) hundredth
Scientific Method Hypotheses
tentative explanation of a series of observations (educated guess)
Section 2
(34 cards)