Section 1
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All of the following conditions are associated with chronic kidney failure EXCEPT: A. Low Hemoglobin B. Hypoparathyroidism C. Hyperkalemia D. Hyperphosphatemia
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Section 1
(50 cards)
All of the following conditions are associated with chronic kidney failure EXCEPT: A. Low Hemoglobin B. Hypoparathyroidism C. Hyperkalemia D. Hyperphosphatemia
B. Hypoparathyroidism
Which hemodialysis schedule is likely to be most efficient? A. In-center hemodialysis, 3-4 hours a session, 3 days a week B. Conventional home hemodialysis C. Short daily home hemodialysis, 2-3 hours a session, 5-7 days a week D. Nocturnal home hemodialysis, 8 hours during sleep, 3 days a week
C. Short daily home hemodialysis, 2-3 hours a session, 5-7 days a week
Which of the following statements about extracorporeal circulation is correct? A. Approximately 100-250 mL are outside the patient's body at one time B. The arterial tubing is blue, and the venous tubing is red C. A heparin infusion line is connected to the tubing at the venous exit D. All blood tubing is manufactured to the same national standard
A. Approximately 100-250 mL are outside the patient's body at one time
Blood Flow into the dialyzer usually: A. Controlled by a piston type pump B. Inversely proportional to the pump speed C. Limited to less than 250mL/min D. Done by manual hand cranking
D. Done by manual hand cranking
Which of the following statements about the proportioning system is correct? A. The concentrates are mixed manually B. It relies on a continuous supply of fresh concentrate and treated water C. The concentrates are heated after mixing D. Fixed-ration mixing is the only method used
B. It relies on a continuous supply of fresh concentrate and treated water
The term "sieving coefficient of a membrane" refers to the: A. Fraction of solute that passes through the membrane by convection B. Amount of water required for solute drag through the membrane C. Concentration of pores in the membrane D. Size of the pores in the membrane
A. Fraction of solute that passes through the membrane by convection
What percentage of transplanted kidneys is functional 1 year after transplantation? A. 90% B. 70% C. 50% D. 30%
A. 90%
In the dialyzer, water may be removed from: A. The intracellular compartment B. The intravascular compartment C. The interstitial compartment D. All of the above compartments
C. The interstitial compartment
Which of the following kidney structures connects with and delivers urine directly to the ureter? A. Pelvis B. Calyx C. Glomerulus D. Cortex
A. Pelvis
Sodium Modeling refers to: A. Changing the concentration of the dialysate sodium during the course of dialysis B. Injecting sodium chloride directly into the patient's vein C. Adjusting the sodium concentrate of the dialysate with normal saline D. None of the above
A. Changing the concentration of the dialysate sodium during the course of dialysis
Which site in the hemodialysis pathway has the highest positive pressure? A. Arterial blood in the afferent tubing B. Blood entering the dialyzer fibers C. Blood leaving the dialyzer fibers D. Blood in the venous return
B. Blood entering the dialyzer fibers
The amount of fluid to be taken from the patient during hemodialysis: A. Is independent of the filtration pressure B. Requires the dialysate to have a higher pressure than the blood C. May be calculated by subtracting the patient's estimated dry weight form the pre-dialysis weight and adding any fluid the patient receives during treatment D. May be calculated by adding the patient's pre-dialysis weight and the amount of fluid the patient receives during treatment
C. May be calculated by subtracting the patient's estimated dry weight from the pre-dialysis weight and adding any fluid the patient receives during treatment
Which of the following statements about fluid removal from the blood is correct? A. It is achieved with a higher dialysate pressure than blood pressure (TMP) B. It depends on the Trans-membrane Pressure (TMP) C. It requires that the TMP must be calculated mathematically by the technician D. The manufacturer's ultrafiltration constant is usually lower than the true value
B. It depends on the trans-membrane Pressure (TMP)
Dialysate flow rate has which of the following properties? A. Lower flow rates improve dialysate efficiency B. It is always preset C. It may vary from 0-2000 mL/min D. Low water pressure may set off an alarm
D. Low water pressure may set off an alarm
Drip chambers in the extracorporeal circulation do all the following EXCEPT: A. Monitor arterial and venous pressure by attached gauges B. Trap air C. Prevent blood clots from reaching the patient D. Pump blood into the dialyzer
D. Pump blood into the dialyzer
The main difference between an arteriovenous shunt (AVS) and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an: A. AVS is entirely within the arm B. AVF is entirely within the arm C. AVF is more likely to become clotted or infected D. AVF requires and external tube
B. AVF is entirely within the arm
The most likely cause of post-renal failure is: A. Severe Dehydration B. Nephrotoxic Drug C. Glomerulonephritis D. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
D. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
All of the following statements about vitamins in dialysis patients are true EXCEPT: A. Dialysis does not remove water-soluble vitamins B. Supplemental B-complex vitamins should be given C. Vitamin D should be given to most dialysis patients D. Megadose fat- or water-soluble vitamins should not be given
A. Dialysis does not remove water-soluble vitamins
The most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States is: A. Diabetes B. Hypertension C. Glomerulonepheritis D. Polycystic Kidney Disease
A. Diabetes
Water moves from one body compartment to another by: A. Ultrafiltration B. Active Transport C. Osmotic Forces D. All of the above
C. Osmotic Forces
The molecular weight cutoff of a dialyzer is 12,000 daltons. Which of the following molecules would not pass through the membrane into the dialysate? A. Phosphate B. Urea C. Albumin D. Sodium
C. Albumin
If a dialyzer has a urea clearance ret (K) of 200mL/min and a blood flow rate (Qb) of 300 mL/min, what volume of the blood will be cleared of urea in 1 minute: A. 100 mL B. 200 mL C. 300 mL D. 500 mL
B. 200mL
Which of the following phosphate binders would best control hyperphosphatemia with the fewest side effects in patients with end stage kidney disease? A. Aluminum hydroxide B. Calcium carbonate C. High dairy product diet D. Lanthanum carbonate
D. Lanthanum carbonate
In most dialysate systems, the temperature: A. Is maintained by a thermistor-controlled heater B. Is maintained between 41 degrees Celsius - 43 degrees Celsius C. Of water is raised only after mixing with concentrate D. Is decreased to increase diffusion
A. Is maintained by a thermistor-controlled heater
Which of the following statements about blood leaks in the dialysis system correct? A. They require more than 10 mL of blood to trigger an alarm B. They are detected by use of a light source and photocell C. The blood can be returned to the patient D. They cannot be differentiated from false alarms
B. They are detected by use of a light source and photocell
All of the following statements regarding home dialysis are true EXCEPT: A. A spouse's or other family member's assistance is desirable B. A visiting dialysis nurse may be employed C. The patient and assistant must train for 6-8 weeks D. It cannot be done during sleep
D. It cannot be done during sleep
A hollow fiber dialyzer has which of the following properties? A. Very fine fiber tubes held in place polyurethane material B. Fibers about 1 cm in width C. A high membrane compliance D. A high resistance in the fibers, enhancing ultrafiltration pressure
A. Very fine fiber tubes held in place by polyurethane material
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) differs from hemodialysis in which of the following ways? A. PD requires both vascular access and abdominal access B. PD cannot be done at home C. PD access is by an intra-abdominal catheter D. Sterile dialysate is not required for PD
C. PD access is by an intra-abdominal catheter
Biocompatibility is best illustrated by: A. Synthetic membranes that do not adsorb blood proteins as well as cellulose membranes B. Independence from protein adsorption of the membrane C. Reprocessed dialyzers that have a lower biocompatibility than new ones D. Reprocessed dialyzers that have better biocompatibility than new ones
D. Reprocessed dialyzers that have a better biocompatibility than new ones
All of the following substances are added to the dialysate EXCEPT: A. Bicarbonate B. Chloride C. Sodium D. Phosphate
D. Phosphate
The fluid restriction for most patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis is equal to urine volume/day plus: A. 0 L. B. 0.5 L. C. 1 L. D. 2 L.
C. 1 L.
All of the following substances are produced by the kidney except: A. Rennin B. Aldosterone C. Erythropoietin D. Calcitriol
B. Aldosterone
Clearance of low-molecular-weight molecules by dialysis is accomplished mostly by: A. Convection B. Diffusion C. Adsorption D. Solvent Drag
B. Diffusion
Osmosis is best defined as: A. Diffusion of solute through a semipermeable membrane from a high to low solute concentration B. Diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration C. A version of hydraulic pressure used in dialysis D. Diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from high to low solute concentration
B. Diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane form low to high solute concentration
A disadvantage of high-flux dialysis is: A. Acetate must be used instead bicarbonate buffer B. Membrane biocompatibility is reduced C. Pyrogen reactions are common D. Post-dialysis fatigue is common
C. Pyrogen Reactions are common
An advantage of high-flux dialysis is: A. Small pore size B. Fast removal of fluid C. Retention of beta2-microglobulin in the blood D. Slow blood flow, leading to more efficient removal of toxic substances
B. Fast removal of fluid
To determine the most accurate clearance rate of a particular solute, one should: A. Use water instead of blood B. Use a large-molecular-weight-molecule C. Reduce the manufacturer's state rate by 10% D. Measure the solute concentrations of blood going into and out of the dialyzer
D. Measure the solute concentrations of blood going into and out of the dialyzer
Dialysis machines control the rate of fluid removal by: A. Volume Control B. Flow Control C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
C. Both A and B
The ultrafiltration coefficient of a dialyzer refers to the: A. Fluid that passes through the membrane in 1 hour B. Pressure in the blood compartment needed to force fluid through the membrane C. Pressure difference across the membrane D. Fluid that passes through the membrane in 1 minute
A. Fluid that passes through the membrane in 1 hour
In hemodialysis, blood and dialysate have which of the following properties? A. They flow in the same direction B. They flow is the opposite direction C. They mix within the dialyzer D. They do not require a semipermeable membrane
B. The flow is in the opposite direction
Blood tests for ferritin are performed in hemodialysis patients: A. To check for iron stores B. To check for magnesium levels C. As an alternative to hemoglobin concentration D. To maintain electrolyte balance
A. To check for iron stores
Hemodialysis patients should be taught to: A. Put in their own needles B. Weigh themselves and record it C. Check their dialyzer settings and dialysate D. Do all of the above
D. Do all of the above
Which of the following statements about transducer protectors is correct? A. They measure arterial pressure only B. They measure venous pressure only C. They use membrane with a pore size of 1.0 micron D. They use hydrophobic membranes to keep fluid from passing through
D. They use hydrophobic membranes to keep fluid from passing through
Failure to excrete beta2-microglobulin in patients with kidney failure predisposes to: A. Pericarditis B. Amyloidosis C. Neuropathy D. Seizures
B. Amyloidosis
Conductivity is best defined as: A. A method of checking electrolyte levels in the dialysate B. The voltage required to maintain the dialysis pump to achieve a given flow rate C. A monitor and alarm system to measure dialysate flow rate D. Something that is measured once to check the final ionic concentrations of the dialysate
A. A method of checking electrolyte levels in the dialysate
Uremia may cause which of the following conditions? A. Itching B. Edema (swelling) of the extremities C. Anemia D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following dialyzers is used currently? A. Kiil B. Flat Plate C. Coil D. Hollow Tube
D. Hollow Tube
The glomerular filtration rate is an important index of renal function and in the normal adult is approximately: A. 50mL/min/1.73 m2 B. 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 C. 125 mL/min/1.73 m2 D. 200 mL/min/1.73 m2
C. 125mL/min/1.73 m2
Synthetic membranes have which of the following properties? A. They are cellulose membranes in which hydroxyl groups are replaced with acetate B. They have thick fiber walls C. They have poor adsorption D. They remove solute by diffusion only
B. They have thick fiber walls
Dialysate pH is kept in which of the following ranges? A. 7.0-7.4 B. 7.35-7.45 C. 6.0-7.0 D. 8.0-9.0
A. 7.0-7.4
Section 2
(50 cards)
Correct statements concerning the charting of patient data include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Each entry must be followed by the writer's name and title B. Entries must be printed for legibility C. Approved abbreviations may be used D. Errors must have a line through them, marked error, and initialed
B. Entries must be printed for legibility
How is anticoagulant heparin given during the dialysis treatment? A. Intermittently B. As a single bolus C. By continuous infusion D. By all of the above ways
D. By all of the above ways
Using the buttonhole technique for blood access, the technician should: A. Use a sharp followed by a blunt needle B. Only use a sharp needle C. Insert arterial and venous needles in a retrograde direction D. Leave and old scab in place
A. Use a sharp followed by a blunt needle
A dialysis patient has a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (low platelets) and severe bleeding. What would be a good method of performing dialysis safely? A. Skip the bolus dose of heparin, and give the infusion at a lower dose rate B. Increase the time between bolus doses of heparin C. Substitute warfarin for heparin D. Use a regional citrate technique
D. Use a regional citrate technique
Which type of arteriovenous fistula is likely to result in high blood flow with the fewest complications? A. Artery side to vein side B. Artery side to vein end C. Artery end to vein side D. Artery end to vein end
B. Artery side to vein end
To diminish vasovagal reactions and needle phobia in the dialysis patient, the technician should ask the patient to: A. Lie down in a recumbent position B. Tense the muscles in the non-access hand for 10-20 seconds during needle insertion C. Cannulate his or hers own vessels D. Do all of the above
D. Do all the above
A sorbent is best described as a: A. Material that moisturizes the dialysis membrane B. Material that is added to the dialysate to buffer it and keep the pH constant C. Continuous dialysate disinfection system that removes bacteria and endotoxins D. Type of electronic device that measures blood pressure
C. Continuous dialysate disinfection system that removes bacteria and endotoxins
A heavyset patient arrives for dialysis in a wheelchair. He has difficulty standing without assistance. Which technique would be most appropriate to transfer him to the dialysis chair? A. Portable lift device B. Slide board C. Stand and picot D. Simple three person lift
A. Portable lift device
After a treatment, a patient below dry weight may have: A. Edema B. High blood pressure C. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) D. Muscle cramping
D. Muscle cramping
Care of a new arteriovenous fistula should include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Checking for redness, purulent discharge, or other signs of infection B. Being certain the surgical incision is well healed C. Cannulating the vessel to see of the blood flow is adequate D. Listening for a bruit and feeling for a thrill at the fistula site
C. Cannulating the vessel to see if the blood flow is adequate
When the low-pressure alarm rings, signaling inadequate flow, the technician should be sure to: A. Reset the pressure alarm B. Switch arterial and venous lines C. Flush the catheter with saline D. Give a thrombolytic enzyme through the catheter
C. Flush the catheter with saline
A patient undergoing hemodialysis complains of muscle cramps in the calves and feet. All of the following are likely causes EXCEPT: A. Hypernatremia (high-sodium level) B. Excess fluid removal C. Hypercalcemia (high-calcium level) D. Hypokalemia (low potassium)
C. Hypercalcemia (high-calcium level)
An advantage of catheter and port catheter devices is: A. They are less likely than fistulas to become infected B. They have higher blood flows over time C. Needle entry is not required D. They are less apt to induce clotting
C. Needle entry is not required
Which of the following veins is most suitable for hemodialysis catheter placement? A. Subclavian B. Femoral C. Right internal jugular D. Left internal jugular
C. Right internal jugular
To prevent infection in catheters, hemodialysis technicians should be sure to: A. Wash hands and use sterile gloves B. Wear a mask, and ask the patient to wear a mask C. Remove wet dressing, dry around the site, and replace with fresh dressing D. Do all of the above
D. Do all of the above
Which of the following will set off the pre-pump high-pressure alarm? A. An increase in the blood pump speed B. Kinking of the arterial bloodline C. A decrease in the blood pump speed D. Infiltration of the arterial needle
C. A decrease in the blood pump speed
For which type of dialysis patient is a central venous catheter blood access appropriate? A. A patient waiting for a fistula to mature B. A patient with acute renal failure C. A patient waiting for a peritoneal dialysis catheter D. All of the above patients
D. All of the above patients
The urea reduction ration has which of the following properties? A. It requires measurement of both pre- and post-dialysis blood urea nitrogen B. It accounts for the production of urea during dialysis C. It allows calculation of the time needed for dialysis D. It allows calculation of urea removed by ultrafiltration
A. It requires measurement of the pre- and post- dialysis blood urea nitrogen
Which of he following alarms must be checked before dialysis begins? A. Blood leak detector B. Conductivity alarm C. The pH alarm D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Use of protective equipment and techniques are intended to protect both patient and staff member. Examples of include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Changing gloves between patients B. Wearing a gown to avoid contamination with splash or spray C. Always recapping used needles D. Wearing a face shield when injecting into blood lines
C. Always recapping used needles
For centers that reuse dialyzers, reprocessing includes: A. Cleaning the bloodlines with heparinized saline B. Removing and warming the dialyzer C. Disinfecting the clamps and the outside of the dialysis machines D. Using chemical disinfectant or cold saline to disinfect the dialysate pathway
C. Disinfecting the clamps and the outside of the dialysis machine
Which of the following statements about sorbent dialysis is correct? A. It needs a continuous supply of fresh water to add to new dialysate B. In preparing the dialysate, 6 liters of water are added to premixed chemicals C. The duration of the dialysis procedure cannot be altered D. It requires a six-layered cartridge
B. In preparing the dialysate, 6 liters of water are added to premixed chemicals
A hemodialysis patient suddenly develops trouble breathing, hives itching, and hypotension. The most likely cause is: A. An air embolism B. An anaphylactic reaction C. Angina D. Disequilibrium syndrome
B. An anaphylactic reaction
A dialysis patient develops a purulent discharge at the exit site of a central catheter. Which of the following pathogens is the most likely to be cultured? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Clostridium difficile C. Enterococcus D. Mycoplasma
A. Staphylococcus aureus
When placing a needle into a graft, a hemodialysis technician may do which of the following? A. Use three sides to cannulate the graft, not just the top B. Cannulate at the junction of the graft with the native vessel C. Keep arterial and venous needles less than 1 inch apart D. Place both arterial and venous needles in a retrograde (against direction of blood flow) manner
A. Use three sides to cannulate the graft, not just the top
To calculate the amount of fluid removal from the patient during dialysis, all of the following values are used EXCEPT: A. Priming saline volume B. Saline rinse back C. Dietary intake D. Volume of urine output
D. Volume of urine output
Which pressure in the dialysis circuit is usually negative? A. Arterial pressure B. Pre-dialyzer pressure C. Post-dialyzer pressure D. Venous pressure
A. Arterial pressure
What is the urea kinetic modeling calculation? A. it gives the minimum delivered dose B. It gives the minimum prescribed dose C. It gives both minimum delivered and prescribed doses D. It is independent of dialyzer type
C. It gives both minimum delivered and prescribed doses
For patients in whom the priming solution is to be discarded, what should the hemodialysis technician do next? A. Connect the arterial and venous tubing before beginning dialysis B. Connect the arterial tubing, and allow the priming solution to drain before connecting the venous tubing C. Connect the blood lines only after the primer is discarded D. Do none of the above
B. Connect the arterial tubing, and allow the priming solution to drain before connecting the venous tubing
Which of the following statements about arteriovenous grafts is correct? A. They are more prone to thrombosis than arteriovenous fistulae B. They are less prone to cause stenosis than arteriovenous fistulae C. They are less prone to infection than arteriovenous fistulae D. They have a longer lifespan than arteriovenous fistulae
A. They are more prone to thrombosis than arteriovenous fistulae
Which of the following pathogens is most likely to be spread during dialysis treatment? A. Hepatitis B B. Hepatitis C C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus D. Tuberculosis
A. Hepatitis B
Using a sterile technique, a hemodialysis technician should avoid all the following EXCEPT: A. Touching the needle to the outside of a saline bag before penetrating the port B. Touching the heparin syringe tip or the end of the heparin line C. Getting the sterile packet wet D. Washing hands and using sterile gloves
D. Washing hands and using sterile gloves
A low-pressure alarm in the venous (post-dialyzer) line is likely to be set of by: A. A blockage in the blood tubing between the monitoring site and the venous needle B. An infiltration of the venous needle C. A clot in the venous access D. A blockage in the blood tubing before the monitoring site
D. A blockage in the blood tubing before the monitoring site
Which of the following arteries is most commonly used for an arteriovenous fistula? A. Ulnar artery B. Radial artery C. Brachial artery D. Femoral artery
B. Radial artery
A thrombosis is LEAST likely to develop with which of the following vascular access methods? A. A central venous catheter B. An arteriovenous graft C. An arteriovenous fistula D. All of the above
C. An arteriovenous fistula
Which of the following may cause hemolysis of red blood cells during dialysis? A. Kinked blood lines B. Warm dialysis fluid C. Inadequate water treatment D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following should be avoided when drawing up medication into a syringe? A. Reading the drug name and concentration before drawing it up and then checking it twice B. Injecting air from the syringe into the vial equal to the amount of planned withdrawal C. Changing needles after half the volume is drawn up D. Expelling air bubbles from the syringe before injecting the contents
C. Changing needles after half the volume is drawn up
Which of the following vital signs is abnormal before dialysis in a 30 year-old male patient? A. Blood pressure: 145/95 mm Hg B. Pulse: 90/min and regular C. Temperature: 98.60 F (37 degrees Celsius) D. Respirations: 16/min
A. Blood pressure: 145/95 mm Hg
Common sites of stenosis in patients with an arteriovenous fistula include all the following EXCEPT: A. The vein next to the anastomosis B. Along the outflow vein C. the large draining vein of the arm near the shoulder D. The artery next to the anastomosis
D. The artery next to the anastomosis
A diabetic patient undergoing dialysis complains of tingling, numbness, and cold in the hand below the access site. The most likely cause is: A. Steal syndrome B. Recirculation C. Infiltration D. An aneurysm
A. Steal syndrome
High-output cardiac failure is a complication of arteriovenous fistula or grafting. All of the following actions are a part of this condition EXCEPT: A. Increased venous return to the heart B. Decreased cardiac workload C. Reduced resistance in the arterial bed D. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
B. Decreased cardiac workload
The hemodialysis technician who is about to insert a needle into the arteriovenous fistula should first do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Feel for flat spots and check for a thrill B. Listen for a bruit C. Place the needle into a previous cannulation spot D. Check skin temperature
C. Place the needle into a previous cannulation spot
If a small fire breaks out in the dialysis center, which of the following safety sequence is correct? A. Contain the fire, activate the alarm, and rescue the patients B. Disconnect patients from the machines, and first evacuate patients who cannot walk C. When using a fire extinguisher, pull the pin, aim the nozzle at the base of the flames, squeeze the handle, and spray from side to side at the base of the flames D. Give all patients and staff respirator masks, and await the fire department
C. When using a fire extinguisher, pull the pin, aim the nozzle at the base of the flames, squeeze the handle, and spray from side to side at the base of the flames
Recirculation refers to: A. Recycling used dialysate into fresh dialysate B. Mixing dialyzed venous blood with blood entering the arterial needle C. Bypassing the fistula via collateral vessels D. None of the above
B. Mixing dialyzed venous blood with blood entering the arterial needle
An antiseptic that kills bacteria when wet is: A. 70% alcohol B. 10% povidone iodine (Betadine) C. Chlorhexidine gluconate with 70% alcohol (ChloraPrep) D. Sodium hypochlorite (Except Plus)
A. 70% Alcohol
During needle insertion, it is important for the hemodialysis technician to always: A. Keep the bevel facing down B. Rotate the needle 180 degrees after insertion C. Cannulate the venous access in an antegrade manner (with the blood flow) D. Check skin temperature
C. Cannulate the venous access in an antegrade manner (with the blood flow)
In a patient with a fistula in one arm and an intravenous line in the other, manual blood pressure should be taken in the: A. Arm above the intravenous line B. Arm above the fistula C. Leg with the patient supine D. Leg with the patient standing
C. Leg with the patient supine
When drawing blood samples for laboratory testing, the hemodialysis technician should draw samples: A. After giving saline and heparin B. From the arterial blood line injection port C. Into tubes with anticoagulant first D. Keep them on a warm surface
B. From the arterial blood line injection port
Which of the following statements about an air detector is correct? A. It is present in the pre-dialyzer blood tubing B. It uses an ultrasonic device to detect air in the blood path C. It set off and alarm and clamps the pre-dialyzer blood tubing D. All of the statements are correct
B. It uses and ultrasonic device to detect air in the blood path
Which of the following statements about grafts used for arteriovenous shunts for dialysis shunts for dialysis patients is correct? A. They cannot be made from human or animal blood vessels B. They can be made from collagen or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene C. They take longer to mature than fistulas D. They have a lower rate of clotting than fistulas
B. They can be made from collagen or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
Section 3
(50 cards)