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Chemistry

memorize.aimemorize.ai (lvl 286)
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Section 1

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When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, from where does this energy come?

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (27)

Section 1

(27 cards)

When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, from where does this energy come?

Front

chemical energy

Back

What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?

Front

alkaline solution A pH between 0.0 and 7.0 is acidic. A pH between 7.0 and 14.0 is basic. Therefore, a solution with a pH of 8.3 is an alkaline (or basic) solution. NaOH is an example of a basic compound.

Back

What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule?

Front

Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen.

Back

Electron

Front

Negatively charged subatomic particle. Subatomic particle having an AMU (Atomic Mass Unit) of zero.

Back

The three atoms shown represent different __________.

Front

isotopes These three atoms have the same number of protons and are therefore different variations of the same element. They vary because each contains a different number of neutrons; therefore, they are different isotopes of the element hydrogen (atomic number = 1).

Back

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Front

Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy

Back

What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Front

primary structure

Back

Part complete Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction without an enzyme compared to the one with an enzyme?

Front

Less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme.

Back

Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight?

Front

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Back

Which response provides the best explanation as to why ionic compounds easily dissociate in water?

Front

The polarity of water easily breaks the charges between the oppositely charged ions in the compound.

Back

Based on the general theme of conservation, which of the following is most likely to happen if an athlete breaks his arm and must wear a cast and not use that arm for six weeks?

Front

Muscles in the injured arm will get smaller because they are not being used.

Back

ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

Front

decomposition

Back

Atom

Front

Basic unit of matter Smallest particle of an element

Back

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________

Front

glycogen

Back

ionic bond

Front

is formed following the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.

Back

Proton

Front

positively charged particle

Back

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the _______

Front

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Back

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

Front

sodium

Back

An acid with a pH of 6 has ________ hydrogen ions than pure water.

Front

10-fold more

Back

What is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond?

Front

the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

Back

Biological macromolecules are synthesized by ___________ reactions and are broken down by ___________ reactions.

Front

dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are essentially opposite reactions. Dehydration synthesis refers to the joining of molecules by the removal of water. Monosaccharides are joined to form polysaccharides, and amino acids are joined to form proteins by this process. Hydrolysis refers to the breakdown of these larger molecules (polysaccharides and proteins) into smaller molecules (monosaccharides and amino acids) by the addition of water at the bonds that join them. In this process, the larger molecule (or polymer) is degraded to produce smaller molecules (or monomers). Think of monomers as the "building blocks" of polymers.

Back

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

Front

14 neutrons

Back

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

Front

7

Back

Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest. I. Ionic II. Covalent III. Hydrogen

Front

III < I < II Covalent bonds are the strongest because they involve sharing electrons. Ionic bonds are weaker and involve attractions between oppositely charged ions. Hydrogen bonds are the weakest and involve attractions between partial charges.

Back

How many hydrogen atoms will a single carbon atom bond with to form a stable molecule?

Front

four Carbon has four electrons in its valence (outermost) electron shell. Therefore, it will form covalent bonds with four hydrogen atoms. The four electrons contributed by the hydrogen atoms will fill the valence shell of carbon.

Back

Phospholipids

Front

consist of a glycerol backbone linked to two fatty acid chains and a phosphorus-containing group

Back

Neutron

Front

Neutral subatomic particle.

Back