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Competition

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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fundamental niche

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Competition Prep

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (21)

Section 1

(21 cards)

fundamental niche

Front

defined by its tolerances to the physical environment the fundamental niche of Chthamalus includes both the upper and middle intertidal zones

Back

competitive exclusion

Front

2 species with strongly overlapping niches cannot coexist indefinitely. One will be a superior competitor and will "exclude" the other i.e. drive it to local extinction. This is shown the Cause in his laboratory model of 2 species of Paramecium

Back

dimensional hypervolume

Front

G.E. Hunchinson's definition of a niche. Where n is the number of environmental factors important to the survival and reproduction of the species. Each n is a factor affecting the survival and reproductive success of the species.

Back

barnacle study

Front

Chthamalus could live in the middle intertidal zone; the physical environment is very suitable for it. However, it doesn't live there because it is competitively excluded by Semibalanus.

Back

interspecific competition

Front

competition between 2 different species. *interspecific competition will be what we focus on interspecific competition results in reduced population size for both species.

Back

how can we explain coexisting competitors?

Front

• Resource partitioning • Non-equilibrium explanations • Temporal fluctuations • Balanced competition

Back

evolutionary outcomes of competition

Front

Character displacement Resource partitioning

Back

exploitation competition

Front

species harm each other indirectly by consuming resources the other species could use (indirect)

Back

intraspecific competition

Front

competition within a species Synonymous with density-dependent limitation

Back

evolutionary outcomes: character displacement

Front

an evolutionary process that says since competition is harmful to both species, natural selection would favor any variations in either species that reduced niche overlap. Thus in time species may evolve to use different resource, and compete less.

Back

the ecological niche

Front

"niche" - ecological role or place in the community not a physical place, but a combination of all the factors necessary for the existence of the species.

Back

temporal fluctitations

Front

The environment changes back and forth (e.g. seasons) sometimes and then neither species ever completely eliminated the other. (its like a race in which the lead keeps changing)

Back

categories of competition

Front

intraspecific, interspecific, exploitation competition, interference competition

Back

non-equilibrium explanations

Front

Maybe we are looking at a system that has not yet settles to its final equilibrium. (remembers the principle of competitive exclusion says the one species will be excluded eventually)

Back

resource partitioning

Front

What first appears to be competition often turns out to be resource partitioning upon loser study

Back

evolutionary outcomes: resource partitioning

Front

the result of character displacement. Means species use different resources.

Back

competition

Front

An interaction in which 2 individuals attempt to utilize the same limited resource. is harmful to both individuals.

Back

interference competition

Front

direct antagonistic interaction that prevents resource use. (one species directly prevents others from accessing a resource or occupying an area). (direct) Examples: Aggressive behaviors (i.e. defending territories in order to control resources in them) Plants of one species may cast shade on another Allelopathy - secretion of toxins into the soil that prevent growth of competitors.

Back

realized niche

Front

- subset of the fundamental niche, limited by biotic interactions such as competition. The realized niche of Chthamalus is the upper intertidal zone only. It can't live in the middle intertidal region because of competitive exclusion.

Back

balanced competition

Front

Is it possible to have a "tie" so that 2 competitors coexist? This would be an equilibrium explanation in which stable coexistence could continue indefinitely.

Back

niche overlap

Front

if 2 species have niches that overlap, this indicates that they utilize the same resources. Thus niche overlap = competition.

Back