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AP Biology Test: Viruses

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Section 1

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envelope on animal viruses

Front

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Biology Science

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (15)

Section 1

(15 cards)

envelope on animal viruses

Front

has viral glycoproteins and host plasma membrane that binds to specific receptor molecules

Back

what does cell provide for virus in infection

Front

provides: nucleotides amino acids enzymes tRNA host cell provides DNA polymerase but RNA viruses use viral RNA polymerase

Back

prion

Front

infections proteins converts folded protein into misfolded protein and interferes with normal protein act can cause degenerative brain diseases (mad cow) acts slowly indestructible with no known cures

Back

what do viruses not have/can't do

Front

lack machinery/structures found in cells cannot reproduce outside host cell cannot carry out metabolic activities on their own only intracellular parasite

Back

Virus

Front

an infection particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat

Back

host range

Front

virus can only infect limited number of host species "lock and key" -- between viral surface proteins and specific receptor molecules on outside of host cells

Back

infection

Front

begins when virus binds to host cell and viral genome enters the cell viral proteins take over host and reprogram cell to copy viral nucleic acids and proteins

Back

bacteriophages

Front

viruses that infect bacteria almost all have DNA genomes

Back

DNA/RNA in Virus

Front

contains either double-stranded or single stranded RNA or DNA

Back

parts of virus

Front

capsid: shell genetic material: DNA/RNA some have envelope: surround capsid, comes from membrane of host cell

Back

cell death from virus

Front

causes many symptoms associated with viral infections (cell breaks open from too many virus particles or cell is not able to make enough of its own proteins)

Back

retroviruses

Front

two identical ssRNA enter and used as template to form DNA using reverse transcriptase viral dsDNA enters and is integrated in host DNA (called provirus) provirus never leaves host DNA

Back

lytic cycle of virus

Front

results in host cell death (lytic = lysis, lysiss--breaks open) cell)

Back

reverse transcriptase

Front

creates complement to ssDNA ssRNA->ssDNA->dsDNA

Back

simple replication

Front

copies nucleic acids and proteins components self-assemble hundreds/thousands of assembled viruses leave host cell (which could damage/destroy host cell)

Back