Section 1
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patronage politics
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Date created
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Cards (72)
Section 1
(50 cards)
patronage politics
The use of government resources to reward individuals for their electoral support. (p. 381)
Chester A. Arthur
He became president after James Garfield died of a gun shot wound. (p. 383)
Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
This act increased the coinage of silver but it was not enough to satisfy the farmers and miners. (p. 386)
laissez-faire economics and politics
The idea that government should do little to interfer with the free market. (p. 380)
Greenback party
This political party was formed by supporters of paper money not backed by gold or silver. (p. 384)
Anglo-Saxon heritage
Most supported Republicans and temperance or prohibition. (p. 381)
immigrant vote
In the North, one source of Democratic strength came from the immigrant vote. (p. 381)
James B. Weaver
In 1892, he was the Populist candidate for president. He is one of the few third party candidates in history to have ever won any electoral votes. (p. 387)
Union veterans, "bloody shirt"
A form of politics that involved reminding Union veterans of how the Southern Democrats had caused the Civil War. (p. 381)
weak presidents
The Gilded Age presidents were not memorable and only served one term. (p. 380)
African Americans
Around 1890, a bill to protect voting rights of African Americans passed the House but was defeated in the Senate. (p. 386)
divided government
Governance divided between the parties, as when one party holds the presidency and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress. (p. 381)
election of 1884
Grover Cleveland won the 1884 presidential election. (p. 383)
Protestant religion
These religious groups usually supported Republicans. (p. 381)
divided electorate
In the late 1800s, Republicans kept memories of the Civil War alive to remind war veterans of the pain caused by the Southern Democrats. Democrats could count on winning every former Confederate state. (p. 381)
business vs. consumers
Some people objected to the high tariffs because the raised the prices on consumer goods. (p. 385)
federal government jobs
During the Gilded Age, these jobs were given to those who were loyal their political party. (p. 381)
Pendleton Act of 1881
Set up by the Civil Service Commission, it created a system where federal jobs were awarded based on competitive exams. (p. 384)
Hamiltonian tradition
The Hamilton tradition supported a strong central government. (p. 381)
Panic of 1873, "Crime of 73"
Congress stopped making silver coins. (p. 385)
election of 1888, Harrison "Billion Dollar Congress"
In 1888, the Republican Benjamin Harrison became the president and the Republicans controlled Congress. They passed the first billion dollar budget in U.S. history. (p. 386)
Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
This tariff provided a moderate reduction in tariff rates and levied a 2 percent income tax. (p. 388)
Election of 1880
In 1880, James A. Garfield was elected president in a very close election. His vice president was Chester A. Arthur. (p. 382)
Dingley Tariff of 1897
Increased the tariff rate to more than 46 percent and made gold the official standard of U.S. currency. (p. 390)
civil service reform
Public outrage over the assassination of President Garfield pushed Congress to remove some jobs from control of party patronage. (p. 384)
rise of the Populist Party
In 1892, delegates met in Omaha, Nebraska to draft a political platform that would reduce the power of trusts and bankers. They nominated James Weaver as their candidate for president. (p. 386)
"hard" money vs. "soft" money
Money backed by gold vs. paper money not backed by specie (gold or silver). (p. 384)
Whig past, pro-business
Republicans followed the tradition of Hamilton and the Whigs, supporting a pro-business economic program of high protective tariffs. (p. 381)
identity politics
Political activity and ideas based on the shared experiences of an ethnic, religious, or social group emphasizing gaining power and benefits for the group rather than pursuing ideological goals. (p. 381)
Bland-Allison Act of 1878
In 1878, this act allowed a limited coinage of silver each month at the standard silver-to-gold ratio of 16 to 1. (p. 385)
social reformers, temperance
The core of Republican support came from middle-class Anglo-Saxon Protestants who supported temperance or prohibition, along with business men. (p. 381)
corrupt politicians
Party patronage, the process of providing jobs to faithful party members was more important than policy issues during the Gilded Age. (p. 381)
former Confederacy, "Solid South"
From 1877 until the 1950s, the Democrats could count on winning every election here. (p. 381)
McKinley Tariff of 1890
In 1890, this tariff raised the tax on foreign products to a peacetime high of 48 percent. (p 386)
"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion"
In the 1884 election, the Democratic party was labeled with this phrase. (p. 383)
close elections
National elections between 1856 and 1912, were very evenly matched. The objective was to get out the vote and not alienate voters on the issues. (p. 381)
Stalwarts, Halfbreeds, and Mugwumps
Groups which competed for lucrative jobs in the patronage system. (p. 381)
assassination of James Garfield
President James Garfield was shot while preparing to board a train. He died after an 11 week struggle. (p. 383)
Specie Resumption Act of 1875
Congress sided with creditors and investors when it passed this act which withdrew all greenbacks (paper money not backed by gold or silver) from circulation. (p. 385)
run on gold reserves, J.P. Morgan bail out
A decline in silver prices encouraged investors to trade their silver dollars for gold dollars. The gold reserve fell dangerously low and President Grover Cleveland was forced to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. The president then turned to J.P. Morgan to borrow $65 million in gold to support the dollar and the gold standard. (p. 387)
high tariff
In the 1890s, tariffs provided more than half of the federal revenue. Some Democrats objected to the tariffs because the raised the price on consumer goods and made it for difficult for farmers to sell to export because foreign countries enacted their own tariffs. (p. 385)
Catholics, Lutherans, Jews
Democrats were usually from these religions and they were against temperance and prohibition campaigns. (p. 381)
Jeffersonian tradition
Democrats of the Gilded Age followed this tradition, which included states rights and limited government. (p. 381)
Grover Cleveland
In 1884, he was elected president of the United States. He was the first Democratic president since 1856. (p. 383)
big-city political machines
In the North, one source of Democratic strength came from big-city political machines. (p. 381)
against prohibition
The Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews were generally against this policy. (p. 381)
states rights, limited government
Democrats of the Gilded Age were in favor of these ideas. (p. 381)
banks, creditors vs. debtors
Debtors wanted more "easy, soft" money in circulation. On the opposite side creditors stood for "hard, sound" money - meaning currency backed by gold. (p. 384)
Cleveland threatens lower tariff
Toward the end of Grover Cleveland's first term he urged Congress to lower the tariff rates. (p. 385)
repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act
A decline in silver prices encouraged investors to trade their silver dollars for gold dollars. The gold reserve fell dangerously low and President Grover Cleveland was forced to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. (p. 387)
Section 2
(22 cards)