Section 1
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Capabilities
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (115)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Capabilities
ability to store and retrieve information
long
data type of long integer
Capabilities
ability to perform mathematical operations
float
data type of float number
information
organized, analyzed, interpreted data presented in meaningful form
memory
is an area of the computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored or output.
disadvantages of minicomputers
unsecured and individually customized
abacus
considered the first computer
Pascaline
An early mechanical calculator capable of performing addition and subtraction by simple rotation of dials
print %
%%
Primary Storage
The computer's immediate internal memory, RAM and ROM.
chain of cards
a number of punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also known as the microprocessor; the brains of the computer.
advantage of minicomputers
It can stand alone and it can be networked.
output devices
printer, monitor, speakers
abacus
device that allow users to make computations using sliding beads arranged in rack
Peopleware
refers to people who use and operate the computer system
Input devices
keyboard, mouse, scanner
slide rule
similar to standard ruler
Octal Number System
a base-8 system, consisting of the symbols 0 through 7.
software
the programs and other operating information used by a computer.
Arithmetic Operators
+, -, *, /, % perform math equations
Jacquard Loom
device fitted to power loom that simplifies process of manufacturing textiles.
Hexadecimal Number System
a base-16 system, consisting of the 16 symbols 0 through 9 and A through F.
Minicomputer
machines used either as single workstations or as a system feed by network to several terminals.
slide rule
used primarily for multiplication and division also for functions such as roots, exponents etc. but no for addition and subtraction
int
data type of integer
logical operators
&& [and] || [or] ! [not]
data processing
Organization of data for the purpose of producing desired information; involves recording, classifying, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data.
output device
any device that presents data from the computer
hardware software peopleware
three major components:)
char
data type of character
Relational Operators
==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Capabilities
It is self directing
limitations
it cannot correct input data
data
a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
control characters
special non-printing characters in a character set, used for special purposes, e.g. () \ and '
limitations
it can only do what is programmed.
double
data type of long float
Joseph-Marie Jacquard
French inventor of the Jacquard loom that could automatically weave complicated patterns (1752-1834)
Capabilities
ability to communicate with the user
output
The results of the operation of any system.
Hardware
The physical components of a computer.
Capabilities
ability to perform logic operation
storage
where data can be left for permanent basis
decimal system
system of numbers based on 10
Blaise Pascal
He was a mathematician who developed the "Pascaline."
input device
A device used to enter information into a computer.
binary number system
A system with two numeric values of 0 and 1, which are also referred to as off or on.
Section 2
(50 cards)
C
invented to write and operating system called UNIX
Mainframe
A large expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.
Text editor and c compiler
two software tools available in computer
Difference Engine
device that calculate numbers to 20th place and print them 4 digits per minute
mainframe and supercomputers
allow centralized control and maintenance
C programming
programming language developed at AT and T's Bell laboratories
Generation 1
vacuum tubes computers
Generation 3
integrated circuits
the first transistor
a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electric power
computare
latin word which means to calculate, to count, to sum up or to think together
Charles Babbage
He is known as the "Father of Computers." He developed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine. These two machines were powered by steam to move the punch cards and operate the gears. His ideas were later used to design calculators and computers.
mainframe and supercomputers
allows many users to share data
token
either keyword,identifier,constant,string literal or a symbol
automatic sequence controlled calculator
(ASCC), had mechanical relays which flip flopped back and forth to represent mathematical data
Generation 5
voice recognition artificial intelligence quantum computing bio computing nano technology learning natural languages
Howard Aiken
created the ascc
vacuum tubes
glass tubes with circuits inside and it has no air inside
text editor
A basic word-processing application.
mainframe and supercomputers
high speed and high volume processing
+=
Add AND. Adds right operand to the left and assigns the result to the left. A += B ~ A = A + B
C Compiler
compiles the source codes into final executable programs
integrated circuits
chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon
computer
Electronic device that receives data, processes data, stores data, and produces a result.
token
The smallest individual unit of a program written in any programming language
Generation 2
transistor computers
%=
Modulus AND. Takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to left operand A%=B ~ A = A%B
/=
to divide, assign
Dr. Grace Murray Hopper
discovered the first computer bag
Intel 4004
First microprocessor
ENIAC
using 18,000-19,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 transistors and 5million shoulder joints
limitations
it cannot think and cannot derive meanings from objects
limitations
it can only process jobs expressed in finite number steps
C
successor of B language introduced around early 70's
limitations
it can't avoid making errors
Analytical Engine
used to perform variety of calculations by programs stored in punch cards
Generation 5
refer to sci-fi future developments
Generation 0
Mechanical Computers/Calculators
lady augusta ada countess of lovelace
also known as lady ada, the first programmer
5 generations
How many generations do computers have?
Generation 4
microprocessors
c
general purpose, high level language and first use to build an os
-=
Subtract AND. Subtracts right operand from left and assigns the result to the left. A-=B ~ A = A - b
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
The first working, digital, general-purpose computer.
*=
Multiply AND. Multiplies left operand by right and assigns product to left operand A=B ~ A = AB
Difference Engine
a huge, steam-powered mechanical calculator designed and never finished
mainframe and supercomputers
provides high level of security
Intel 4004
4 bit central processing unit and also called microchip
parts of c program
preprocessor commands functions variables statements& expressions comments
supercomputers
largest and fastest computers, capable of storing and processing tremendous volumes of data.
=
The assignment operator that will assign the value of right side to left side operand.
Section 3
(15 cards)