Section 1
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medial
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (83)
Section 1
(50 cards)
medial
toward the midline of the body
Physiology
often focuses on cellular or molecular level
Disturbance of homeostasis
causes disease and aging
cardiovascular system
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. (organs: pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, testis, and ovary)
cranial
TOWARD the head
nervous system
the body's rapid, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems (responds to changes by activating muscles and glands)
growth
increase in size
responsivness
ability to sense and respond to stimuli (withdrawal reflex, control of breathing rate)
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry
cervical
neck region
Receptor
monitors environment and responds to stimuli
upper limb
arm area (acromial, brachial, antecubital, olecranal)
Effector
provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus
Cephalic
pertaining to the head (frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental, otic, occipital)
Necessary Life Functions
maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
anterior/ventral
front of the body
maintaining boundaries between:
internal and external environments (plasma membranes, skin)
survival needs
nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure
anterior
toward the front of the body
positive feedback
response that enhances original stimuli (labor or blood clotting)
Abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen (Umbilical)
carpal
wrist
pubic
genital region
lower limb
leg (coxal aka hip, femoral, patellar, crural, fibular or perineal, popliteal, sural,)
control center
determines the set point at which the variable is maintained, revives input, sends instructions
manus
hand (pollex, palmar, digital)
Standard Anatomical Position
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from body
Phisiology
Study of function
movement
(contractibility) of body parts and substances (skeletal muscle, cardiac and smooth muscle)
caudal
toward the tail, AWAY from head
skeletal system
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use for movement (Made up of bones and joints, blood cells are formed within bones)
Pelvic
pelvis region (inguinal)
Antebrachial
pertaining to the forearm
metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
pedal
foot (metatarsal, digital, hallux, plantar)
urinary system
eliminates waste and regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood (kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra)
Thoracic
pertaining to the chest (sternal, axillary, mammary)
structural organization
atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
anatomy
study of structure
respiratory system
keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes co2. (nasal cavity, pharynx, bronchus, larynx, trachea, lung)
digestive system
Breaks down food that enters the bloodstream or is eliminated (oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus)
digestion
breakdown of indigested foodstuffs, absorption of simple molecules into blood
negative feedback
most feedback mechanisms in body, the response SHUTS OFF the original stimuli (regulation of body temp, blood glucose)
Muscular System
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat.
posterior
toward the back of the body
Reproduction
-cellular division for growth or repair -offspring
lymphatic system
Defense against infection and disease (picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood, houses white blood cells) (organs: red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, spleen, lymph nodes)
Excretion
Process by which wastes are eliminated from the body (urea, co2, feces)
Intergumentary system
Forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissue (Major organs: skin, hair, sweat glands, nails)
Section 2
(33 cards)