Section 1
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parent material is weathered, transported, and deposited
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (74)
Section 1
(50 cards)
parent material is weathered, transported, and deposited
Soils are formed when...
A horizon
(Surface soil) ⮚Mineral particles mixed with organic material
Mechanical weathering
physical break-up of rocks into smaller particles without a change in chemical composition
Water holding capacity
the total amount of water soil can hold
clays
have little organic material. They hold few nutrients and water
Soil texture
the amount of sand, silt and clay in the soil
slow
is the accumulation of topsoil fast or slow
igneous rock
Most common type of rock in Earth's crust. Solidified from magma extruded onto the surface from volcanic vents
area, length, slope, soil, vegetation types and divides with adjoining watersheds
characteristics of a watershed
protect water quality as soils effectively filter and clean water that moves through them
what can protecting soils do
Chemical weathering
selective removal or alteration of specific components that leads to weakening and disintegration of rock Oxidation Hydrolysis
soil texture triangle
a diagram that allows for the identification and comparison of soul types based on their percentage of clay, silt and sand
mineral
a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid element or compound with a definite chemical composition and regular internal crystal structure
metamorphic rock
Preexisting rocks modified by heat, pressure, and chemical agents Chemical reactions can alter both the composition and structure of rocks as they are metamorphosed
reduce sunlight and temperature around the globe
what do Volcanic dust and sulfur emissions do...
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere
atmosphere layers
mass wasting
eologic materials are moved downslope from one place to another
B Horizon
(Subsoil) Often dense texture due to clays
major gases, each with its own relative abundance
what is the atmosphere made up of
the creation of mountains, island arcs, earthquakes and volcanoes
Convergent boundaries can result in...
stress overcomes a locked fault, releasing stored energy
An earthquake occurs when
Soil
a renewable resource that develops gradually through the weathering of rocks and the accumulation of organic material
weather
short-lived, local patterns temperature and precipitation due to circulation of the troposphere
winds or water
what can soils be eroded by
sedimentary rock
Deposited materials that remain in place long enough, or are covered with enough material for compaction, may again become rock
crust
cool, lightweight, brittle outermost layer. Floats on top of mantle
soil horizons
stratified horizontal layers of soil
E Horizon
(Eluviated washed out) Depleted of soluble nutrients
Mycorrhizal symbiosis
an association between plant roots and certain fungi. The plant feeds the fungus and the fungus provides water and inorganic nutrients to the plant enhancing growth
6 components of soil
Sand and gravel Silts and clays Dead organic material Soil fauna and flora Water Air
through erosion and removal of organic material
how do farming techniques deplete soil
rain shadow
a region of land that has become drier because a higher elevation area blocks precipitation from reaching the land
Sedimentation
deposition of particles of rock transported by wind, water, ice and gravity until they come to rest in a new location
core
interior composed of dense, intensely hot metal, mostly iron. Generates magnetic field enveloping the earth
clay, silt, sand, gravel
soil particle sizes from smallest to largest
loam soils
considered best for agriculture because they are a mixture of sand, silt and clay
what does water retention contribute to
land productivity and fertility of soils
C Horizon
Weathered rock fragments with little organic material
by horizons based on their composition and organic material
how are soils generally categorized
soil texture
most important characteristic of soils
earthquakes
Transform boundaries can result in...
temperature gradients
what are the layers of the atmosphere based on
epicenter
Point at which first movement occurs
mantle
hot, pliable layer surrounding the core. Less dense than core
rock
solid, cohesive, aggregate of one or more minerals
Parent Material
the mineral material on which the soil is built, can be bedrock
O Horizon
(Organic layer) ⮚Leaf litter, most soil organisms and partially decomposed organisms
seafloor spreading, rift valleys, volcanoes and earthquakes
Divergent boundaries can result in...
insolation
Incoming solar radiation
flood
natural disaster that takes the greatest number of lives
Section 2
(24 cards)