Section 1
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Supination
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (64)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Supination
rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward
sarco
refers to flesh
Contraction of muscles is due to...
movement of microfilaments
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
sarcoplasmic reticulum(sr)
storage of calcium
Muscle types
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle characteristics
-Most are attached by tendons to bones -cells are multinucleate -Striated -Voluntary -Cells are surrounded and bundled by connective tissue
Extensibility
ability to be stretched
naming skeletal muscles
- direction of muscle fibers (rectus(straight) - relative size of the muscle (maximus(largest) - location of the muscle (named from bones(temporalis)
Fixator
stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
smooth muscle characteristics
-Lacks striations -Spindle-shaped cells -Single nucleus -Involuntary—no conscious control -Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
rotation
the movement in which a bone or a whole limb, pivots or revolves around a single long axis
synaptic cleft
gap between nerve and muscle
Eversion
involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane - so that the sole faces in a lateral direction
Sites of muscle attachment
bones, cartilages, connective tissue coverings
contraction of skeletal muscle
-Muscle fiber contraction is "all or none" -Within a skeletal muscle, not all fibers may be stimulated during the same interval -Different combinations of muscle fiber contractions may give differing responses
nerve stimulus to muscles
skeletal muscles must be stimulated by a nerve to contract
Pronation
rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backwards or downwards
Neurotransmitter attaches to receptors on the
sarcolemma
at rest...
there is a bare zone that lacks actin filaments
voluntary
subject to conscious control
motor unit
one neuron, muscle cells stimulated by that neuron
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone, cord like structure
Myosin and actin...
overlap somewhat
contraction of skeletal muscle
-Muscle fiber contraction is "all or none" -Within a skeletal muscle, not all fibers may be stimulated during the same interval -Different combinations of muscle fiber contractions may give differing responses
Sarcolemma becomes permeable to...
Sodium (Na+)
extension
straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased
nerve and muscles...
do not make contact
Neuromuscular junctions
association site of nerve and muscle
Inversion
involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane - so that the sole faces in a medial direction
Antagonist
muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover(agonist)
cardiac muscle characteristics
-Striations -Usually has a single nucleus -Branching cells -Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc -Involuntary -Found only in the walls of the heart
Contractility
ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received
Flexion
bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Irritability
ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
function of muscles
produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat
Synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle is...
acetylcholine
Neurotransmitters
chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse
myo, mys
refers to muscle
Elasticity
ability to return to normal resting length
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Dorsiflexion
Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot
area between nerve and muscle is filled with...
interstitial fluid
naming skeletal muscles
- number of origins (triceps(three heads) - location of the muscle's origin and insertion (sterno(on the sternum) - shape of the muscle (deltoid(triangular) - action of the muscle (flexor and extensor)
twitch
Single, brief contraction Not a normal muscle function
prime mover(agonist)
muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
Circumduction
movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
Myosin filaments...
have heads (extensions, or cross bridges)
Section 2
(14 cards)