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HTML Web Dev

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (26)

Section 1

(26 cards)

Lists

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HTML supports two kinds of lists: ordered lists and unordered lists. Within lists each individual list item has its own tag.

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Children

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An element that is an immediate descendent of another element or nested within another element is called a child. These become useful when using CSS child selectors and psuedo-elements. Example <ul id="parent"> <li id="child">I'm a child of parent!</li> </ul>

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href

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Links tell the browser where to go using an href attribute, which stores a URL. Example <a href="http://google.com">Google it!</a>

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Semantic formatting

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These tags are similar to the previously mentioned formatting tags which have fallen out of favor. The difference is that these tags have semantic value (meaning). <em> is used for something that you wish to emphasize and <strong> is used for something that is important. With both of these elements, you can convey the level of emphasis or importance with nesting. The more times that you nest the element within itself, the higher the magnitude of the text it contains. Example <p><strong><strong>Warning:</strong>Acid can cause severe burns</strong> </p>

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Usage

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Almost all content belongs inside the body tag. The main exceptions are script and style tags, as well as the page title tag. As you can see in this example, there is a heading, an image, and a link all inside the body tag. The head tag contains only external files and the page title. Example <html> <head> <title>My homepage</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="homepage.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="homepage.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Hello, this is a picture of my cat!</h1> <img src="cat.jpg" /> <a href="mailto:cat@codecademy.com">Email my cat</a> </body> </html>

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Unordered Lists

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Unordered lists are just lists whose items are denoted with bullet points. Example Shopping list <ul> <li>Dish soap</li> <li>Kitty litter</li> <li>Tomato sauce</li> </ul>

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Title

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This tag tells the browser what to display as the page title at the top and tells search engines what the title of your site is. It goes inside <head> tags. Try and make your page titles descriptive, but not overly verbose. Example <title> HTML Glossary </title>

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<html> tag

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All HTML files live within an over-arching html tag. This is the basic tag that defines an html document. Syntax <html> The rest of your web page goes in here! </html>

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Head

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Tag that surrounds important content that is invisible to the user, but is important to the browser. Elements within this tag contain metadata about the page and links to stylesheets, scripts, etc. <html> <head> </head> <body> </body> </html>

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Horizontal rules

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This tag creates a black line one pixel thick that runs the all the way across its container. It can be styled to look differently with CSS. Example This text is divided <hr> ...from this text!

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Images

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The img tag embeds an image into your HTML. Always found with the 'src' attribute, which tells the browser where to find the image. Note that the <img/> tag is self-closing, and you can reference either local Syntax <img src='mylocalimage.jpg'/>

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Links

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Link elements are used to connect your document to a related resource (very different from hyperlinks, which take you to another webpage when you click on them). Links appear only in the head section of a document so they do not alter the content, but only the presentation. Links are most commonly used to connect to a stylesheet, script, favicon, or alternate format of the page such as an RSS feed or PDF. Exampl <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />

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Basic Formatting

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You can easily format text to be bold, italic, or underlined using simple formatting tags. Example This text is <b>bold</b>, <i>italicized</i>, and <u>underlined</u>.

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Attributes

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class HTML elements can have one or more classes, separated by spaces. You can style elements using CSS by selecting them with their classes. Example <div class="big-box yellow-box">This is a big yellow box.</div>

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Comments

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HTML comments are sometimes used in code to explain parts of the markup. They are similar to comments in other languages. Users do not see comments in their browser. Syntax

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HTML

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What is HTML? HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is the language used to create all websites.

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id

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An HTML element can have an id attribute to identify it. id elements should always be unique to that single element, and each element should never have more than one id. Example <div id="my-box">This is my box! Put your text in some other box.</div>

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Ordered Lists

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Ordered lists' items are denoted with numbers. Example My numbered list <ol> <li>First item!</li> <li>Second item!</li> <li>Last item!</li> </ol>

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Headings

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Heading elements like <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, ... allow you to use six levels of document headings, ranging from largest to smallest, breaking up the document into logical sections. For example, the word 'Headings' above is wrapped in a <h2> tag. Syntax <h1> This is a header! </h1>

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Hyperlinks

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Hyperlinks (or just links) take the user to another webpage when they click on it. The most common attribute used with links is href, which tells the browser where the link goes. Syntax <a href="url this link goes to">Link text</a> Example The following text is <a href="http://google.com">goes to Google</a>.

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Line breaks

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This tag is used in a block of text to force a line break. This is to be used for things which are a single paragraph, but where this formatting is necessary such as poems or addresses. To separate paragraphs, separate each paragraph into a separate element instead. The resulting element on a web page will look like: Example <p> Some text <br/> that spans two lines </p>

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Tags & Elements

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Tags are basic labels that define and separate parts of your markup into elements. They are comprised of a keyword surrounded by angle brackets <>. Content goes between two tags and the closing one is prefixed with a slash (Note: there are some self-closing HTML tags, like image tags). Tags also have attributes, which are Syntax <tag attribute='value'>content</tag keyword>

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Div

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A block level container (or 'division' of the web page) for content with no semantic meaning. Syntax <div>This is a div element.</div>

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Paragraphs

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<p> One of the most common tags in HTML - it denotes a paragraph of text. It often has other elements nested inside of it, such as <img/>, <a>, <strong> and <em>. Syntax <p>This is paragraph text!</p>

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Body

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The body is the container for all of a page's content. Comes after the <head> tag, within the overall <html> tag. Example <html> <head> <title>An example of the body tag</title> </head> <body> This is inside the body! </body> </html>

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Tables

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An element for displaying information in rows and columns. Supports headers and footers for labeling columns. Divides information into rows (denoted by the tr tag) which contain cells (denoted by the td tag). Example <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Item</th> <th>Price</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Banana</td> <td>$56.75</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yogurt</td> <td>$12.99</td> </tr> </tbody> <tfoot> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>$69.74</td> </tr> </tfoot> </table>

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