Section 1
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Hardcoded
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Cards (159)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Hardcoded
value cannot be changed once program has started
terminating condition
determines when a loop ends
floating point divsions
/
integer division
//
scope
visibiliy and lifespan of variables/functions
Boolean expression
evaluates to a boolean value
conditionals statements control _________ of a program
branching
infix notation
join operators and operands to make an expression
not equal to
!=
variables defined in a function
local scope, local variables
algorithm
take input perform computation generate output
break
exit body of a loop and resume program at end of loop body
==
compares value of expression on right to value on the left
raise power
**
flow of execution/control flow
how the program is read sequentially
String
A sequence of characters
unary boolean
not
def
define function with name and parameters
logical expession
individual boolean expressions are joined together by logical operators
What is communicated through types
intent
binary boolean
and or
forms of control flow
iteration branching
infinite loop
loop will never terminate
less than or equal to
<=
readability
variables should have meaningful names and comments w/ #
Generalization
promote code REUSIABILITY reduce size of code fundamental principle of programming
function does this for statements
encapsulates
binary operator
operator between 2 operands
implementation error
programmer failed to implement program correctly
remainder/modulus
%
loop variable
variable after "for"
Name rules
can't use python keyword can't have special characters must start with a letter or _ case sensitive
Variable
associate a name with a value
index
for loop variable
Boolean value
one of two possibilities, true or false
unary operator
like a negative sign
call
call upon a function
accumulator
variable that is reassigned repeatedly to itself combined w/ some mathematical operation
grouping operators
group with parentheses
variable defined outside of function
global variable and global scope
return in def
ends the function
function/methods/procedures
python commands
difference between argument and parameter
trivial
continue
loop skip rest of loop body and jump back to top of loop
Less code produces
reliability
greater than or equal to
>=
string concatenation
String + String NOT INT
iteration
repetition of same statement a number of times
types
string integer
literal
a way to write a value like string literal-"hello" or float literal- 3.14159
Section 2
(50 cards)
array
collection of lists kind of like tables in Excel w/ n dimensions
for i in range
Find if something is in array
a = [1,3,4,7] for i in a: print(i)
1 3 4 7
scipy
collection of modules like numpy and matplotlib
Sequence type
data structure specially designed to contain an ordered set
collection
Set
empty string
zero length string value rep w/ ""
ord()
ASCII to number
a[x:y]
x- rows y- column with first one being "0"
numpy.zeros()
array with zeros
Library or package
single module or collection of modules for python
[x:y:z]
start, stop, step
Set
pool of data that is used during computation
indexing operators
[ ]
pandas
python data analysis library- useful to read Excel
a = [1,2,3,4] Slice 2 and 3
b = a[1:3]
len()
number of characters in the string
print( "hello"[4])
o
matplotlib
plotting module allow data to be visualized
default value
specified by assigning a value to parameter in function declaration
print(a.shape)
print the # of fields, # of columns
immutable
unchangable
"hello" * 2
hellohello
what class is t =(1,2,3)
tuple
module
file or set of files that contain Python definitions and statements intended for use in other Python programs`
primitive types
int, float, bool
np.reshape()
copy b to a
len("hello world")
11
chr()
convert number to ASCII
numpy.ndarray()
make a (n) array
Mutability
whether data inside a variable can change once an intital value has been assigned
a = [1,3,4,7] Reverse this order
b= a[::-1]
a = [1,2] Add 3 and 4 to the list
b = a + [3,4] OR a.append(3) a.append(4)
map ice tea to lemonade in a dictionary what happens when print(d['ice tea'])
d = {'ice tea':'lemonade'} lemonade
make empty dictionary called d
d = {}
a = [1,3,4,7] Change a 4 to a 10
a[2] = 10
Sequence
ordered set
in
boolean expression see if in list
Map
special type of collection in dictionary
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
numpy
data manipulation
a = [1,3,4,7] print(4 not in a)
True
a = [1,2,3,4] Slice 3 and 4
b = a[2:]
import module as something else for numpy
numpy as np
a = [1,2,3,4] Slice 1 and 2
b = a[:2]
print("world"[-2])
l
a = [1,3,4,7] print(4 in a)
True
dictionary
collection and it is a sequence type
list
sequential collection of data values
print('Hello World'[0:5:1])
Hello
Section 3
(50 cards)
Do all logical operators have the same precedence
No
show a plot
plt.show()
linestyle of alternating dash dot
-.
Can a function parameter share a name with a variable outside of the function
Yes
label x axis, yaxis and give title
plt.xlabel('xaxis') plt.ylabel('yaxis') plt.title('title')
Add 1 to each number in a= [1, 2, 3]
b = a+ 1
make histogram
plt. hist(s)
find standard deviation
np.std()
plot line to 10 not inclusive
x= np.arange(10) y= x*2 plt.plot(x,y)
save a plot picture w/ 200 dpi
plt.savefig('test.png', dpi=200)
a= [[1 2] slice 1st column
a[:,0]
slicing [a:b, c:d]
row - start a stop b column start c stop d
large square marker
s
a= [[2,3 [3,3 ]] find shape of array
a.shape (2,2)
color for black
k
find the mean of A
A.mean()
plot a sin function
x = np.arange(0, 2*math.pi, 0.1) y = np.sin(x) plt.plot(x,y)
large circle marker
o
put a sin and cosin in 2 graphs next to each other
x = np.arange(0, 2*math.pi, 0.1) s = np.sin(x) c = np.cos(x) fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2,1) ax1.plot(x,s) ax2.plot(x,c)
large triangle marker
^
flip the matrix along diagonal
a.transpose() or a.T
classes of operators from highest to lowest precedence
Grouping, Math, Logical, Comparison
save the file as text file
np.savetxt('filename.txt')
load a file named data.txt
a = np.loadtxt('data.txt')
do variables have parameters
No
scatter plot w/ scatter
plt.scatter(x,y)
A =[[0 1 2] [3 4 5] [6 7 8]] Find median of first row
A[0,:].median()
np.arange(3.,7.,2.)
[ 3. 5. ]
list vs array
[ 1, 2, 3, 4,] [1 2 3 4]
a= [[1 2] [3 4]] slice 2nd row
a[1,:]
max and min of a
a.max(), a.min()
code to roll a dice
import random roll = random.randrange(1,6)
linestyle of dotted line
:
linestyle of solid line
-
a= np.arange(27) a.reshape(3,3,3)
[[[ 0 1 2] [ 3 4 5] [ 6 7 8]] [[ 9 10 11] [12 13 14] [15 16 17]] [[18 19 20] [21 22 23] [24 25 26]]]
[[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]] slice 4 5 7 8
[1:, :2]
large diamond marker
D
plot cosine function
x = np.arange(0, 2*math.pi) y = np.cos(x) plt.plot(x,y)
Are expressions always processed from left to right
No
A =[[0 1 2] [3 4 5] [6 7 8]] find mean of last column
A[:,2].mean()
change l list to an array
np.array(l)
give a line x, green, linewidth of 8, linesytle of dotted line, w. small circles
plt.plot(x, color='r', linewidth=8, linestyle= ':', marker='.')
Compute the difference between two samples
np.diff()
=
assigns value of theexpression on the right of the operator to the variable on the left
linestyle of dashed line
_
scatter plot with line
plt.plot(x, y, marker= 'o', linewidth=0)
make an interval to including 7
np.arange(8)
make an array with 7 zeros
import numpy as np a = np.zeros(7)
a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]) index 2nd list and 2nd term
a[1,1] 4
make an array of zeros that is a 2 by 3
np.zeros(2,3)
Section 4
(9 cards)