Pediatrics for Family Nurse Practitioners

What diagnostic test can confirm the presence of a tracheoesophageal fistula associated with esophageal atresia?

   a) Echocardiogram

   b) XR upper esophagus

   c) Renal radiographs

   d) Bone marrow aspirate

b) XR upper esophagus

What is the leading cause of sepsis in infants from birth to 3 months of age?

   a) Group A Streptococcus

   b) Group B Streptococcus

   c) Haemophilus influenzae

   d) Streptococcus pneumoniae

 b) Group B Streptococcus

Which of the following is a classic sign of Hirschsprung's disease?

   a) Bilious vomiting

   b) Projectile vomiting

   c) "Olive" mass in the epigastrium

   d) Failure to pass meconium

d) Failure to pass meconium

Which maneuver is used to assess the potential for dislocation of a nondisplaced hip in infants during the first month of life?

   a) Barlow Maneuver

   b) Galeazzi Sign

   c) Ortolani Maneuver

   d) Lachman Test

a) Barlow Maneuver

What is the recommended 1st line management for Chlamydia infection in a newborn who is symptomatic?

   a) Intravenous penicillin

   b) Oral erythromycin

   c) Intramuscular ceftriaxone

   d) Oral azithromycin

b) Oral erythromycin

Which diagnostic study is typically recommended for evaluating scoliosis?

    a) MRI of the spine

    b) Bone density scan

    c) Ultrasound of the spine

    d) Standing AP and lateral radiographs of the entire spine

  d) Standing AP and lateral radiographs of the entire spine

In idiopathic scoliosis, at what degree of curvature is bracing typically considered as a treatment option?

    a) >10 degrees

    b) >20 degrees

    c) >30 degrees

    d) >40 degrees

 c) >30 degrees

What is the primary treatment for pyloric stenosis?

   a) Antibiotics

   b) Pyloromyotomy

   c) Chemotherapy

   d) Barium enema

b) Pyloromyotomy

Which orthopedic condition commonly presents as a bowing of the legs, especially in toddlers, and is typically considered normal until around 2 years of age?

   a) Genu Valgum

   b) Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

   c) Genu Varum

   d) Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

 c) Genu Varum

What is the goal of management for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

   a) Observation only

   b) Surgical correction

   c) Hip immobilization

   d) Physical Therapy

c) Hip immobilization

In which syndrome is there an increased risk of aortic root dilation and aortic dissection?

   a) Down Syndrome

   b) Fragile X Syndrome

   c) Prader-Willi Syndrome

   d) Marfan Syndrome

d) Marfan Syndrome

What diagnostic study is commonly used to confirm Hirschsprung's disease?

   a) Abdominal x-ray

   b) Ultrasound

   c) Urine catecholamines

   d) Echocardiogram

a) Abdominal x-ray

What is the general prognosis for neuroblastoma with early treatment?

    a) Poor prognosis

    b) Varies widely depending on the location

    c) Good prognosis with early treatment

    d) Prognosis is not influenced by early treatment

c) Good prognosis with early treatment

What is the most common site for neuroblastoma to occur in children?

   a) Brain

   b) Adrenal gland

   c) Kidney

   d) Liver

b) Adrenal gland

Which diagnostic study is NOT typically used to evaluate Group B Streptococcus infection in a newborn?

   a) Blood cultures

   b) Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis)

   c) Chest X-ray

   d) Complete blood count (CBC)

c) Chest X-ray

Which condition causes localized tenderness and pain in the anterior chest wall without history of trauma, especially with movement or deep inspiration?

    a) Pneumonia

    b) Costochondritis

    c) Pleuritis

    d) Rib fracture

b) Costochondritis

Which syndrome is characterized by a prominent forehead, long narrow face, macroorchidism (in males), and connective tissue dysplasia?

   a) Down Syndrome

   b) Fragile X Syndrome

   c) Prader-Willi Syndrome

   d) Marfan Syndrome

b) Fragile X Syndrome

Which syndrome is often associated with esophageal atresia?

   a) Down syndrome

   b) VACTERL syndrome

   c) Turner syndrome

   d) Marfan syndrome

  b) VACTERL syndrome

Which sexually transmitted infection primarily affects newborns during childbirth and can cause conjunctivitis in the newborn?

   a) Gonorrhea

   b) Chlamydia

   c) Syphilis

   d) Herpes

   a) Gonorrhea

   b) Chlamydia

Which of the following is NOT a common clinical finding in a newborn with esophageal atresia?

  a) Excessive oral secretions

  b) Non-bloody, non-bilious projectile vomiting

  c) Cyanosis during feedings

  d) Failure to pass meconium

b) Non-bloody, non-bilious projectile vomiting

Which diagnostic study is NOT typically used in the evaluation of neuroblastoma?

   a) Skeletal survey

   b) Bone marrow aspirate & biopsy

   c) Chest radiographs

   d) MRI of the abdomen

   c) Chest radiographs

What is the recommended treatment for growing pains in children?

    a) Long-term physical therapy

    b) Nighttime immobilization

    c) Heat application and analgesics

    d) Surgical intervention

c) Heat application and analgesics