Section 1
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attached ribosomes
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (52)
Section 1
(50 cards)
attached ribosomes
bound to ER proteins that are produced here usually secreted secretes glycoproteins, protein movement because of transport vesicles, it is a membrane factory
Chlorophyll
pigment that captures light energy and changes it into chemical energy
Microvilli
increase surface area without increasing volume
Eukaryotic Features
DNA in nucleus bounded by membrane nuclear envelope organelles membrane bound Larger
Mitochondria
in most eukaryotic cells cellular respiration enveloped by double membrane has free ribosomes and circular DNA can reproduce on own
Microfilaments
solid rods smallest of cytoskeleton made up of Actin Changes in cell shape cell motility muscle contractions keeps microvilli in shape cahnges in shape of myosin causes filaments to move
Cell Theory
states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and all cells come from pre-existing cells
Plant Cells
have cell walls, chloroplast, plasmodesmata, central vacuole, multi-cellular, auto-trophic, make sugar using sunlight
Free Ribosomes
makes proteins, but not bound to ER proteins produced here usually stay in cell
Microtubules
hollow made of tublin protein easily assembled and disassembled biggest fiber protection of crushing, compressing very important in shaping cell in animal cells guide movement of organelles and vesicle
Plasma Membrane
functions as selective barrier that allows passages of enough oxygen nutrients and wastes to serve the cell
Cytoskeleton
network of fibers in cytoplasm protection from compression support many organelles are bound to it organizes cell motility-reacts with motor proteins like Dynien an Actin Track along which motor proteins move microtubule
Organelles
membrane enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells can be seen with LM
Flagellum
tail structure that causes motion and direction
Nucleoid
area of prokaryotic cells where DNA is found
Chloroplasts
capture light energy, contains DNA has three chemical environments 1. stroma 2. between bilayers 3.thylakoid
Number of Mitochondria correlates to...
cells level of metabolic activity
Functions of Smooth ER
synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs, detoxification and storage of calcium ions (oils phospholipids steroids)
Endomembrane System
regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in cell includes nuclear envelope ER Golgi lysosomes vesicles, vacuoles, plasma membrane
Plasma/Cell Membrane
double layer of phospholipids that forms a selective barrier allowing certain amount of oxygen, nutrients, and waste in and out
Cell Wall
primary cell was is made first secondary cell wall made last and is inner wall
Endoplasmic Reticulum
extensive network of memranes
Nuclear Envelope
encloses nucleus seperating its contents from cytoplasm, double membrane lipid bilyaer with proteins has pore structures
Nucleus
where most DNA in Eukaryotic Cells is located the control center of the cell
Smooth ER
does lipid synthesis metabolizes carbs detoxifies drugs and poisons stores calcium ions
extracellular matrix (ECM)
The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cells.
Rough ER
Assists with the processing of proteins and ships them to Golgi body - covered in ribosomes
Ribosomes
makes proteins using mRNA produced as 2 different subunits that come together at mRNA
Vesicle
small compartments that move things around small organelle that contains and transports materials (like proteins) within the cytoplasm.
centrosome
where centrioles are located in a non cell division has triplets of microtubules around a hollow center located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus the microtubule organizing center
Prokaryotic features
bacteria cells sometimes have an outer capsule ribosomes nucleoid may be moble with flagella
examples of prokaryotes
bacteria and Archea
Central Vacuole
it is in a plant, fills up with water to get bigger, helps maintain turgor pressure
Transport Vesicle
can stay in cell and become lysosome or merge with membrane to release contents outside
Golgi Apparatus
shipping and receiving center, looks like ER, notifies proteins of ER, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles, manufactures certain macro molecules, consists of membranes
Centrosomes
in animal cells microtubule grow out of it, near nucleus considered microtubule organization center compression resisting
Endosymbiosis Theory
States that eukaryotes came about from prokaryotic living inside another larger prokaryotic inside gets safe place host gets a cell good a making energy evidence: chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA
Cell size is limited by
surface area because the cytoplasm needs to be near the plasma membrane for effective diffusion
Nucleolus
area in nucleus that makes ribosomes
Examples of eukaryotes
protists, animal, plant, fungi
Peroxisomes
oxidation organelle bounded by a single membrane produces hydrogen peroxide by combining hydrogen with oxygen; hydrogen peroxide eventually gets turned into water
ampipathic
a chemical having both polar and nonpolar parts
Centrioles
composed of nine sets of triplet microtubles in a ring
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes (hydrolytic) Acidic inside (low pH) Abundant in cells like white blood cells housekeeper, gets rid of old organelles
Peroxisome
specialized metabolic compartment bound by single membrane contains enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms form substances and transfer them to oxygen producing hydrogen peroxide and then into water
Mitochondrion
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Contains DNA
Prokaryotic Cells
no membrane around nucleus no membrane bound organelles nulceoid region to store nucleic acids cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
interior of cell region between nucleus and plasma membrane in Eukarotic
Structures found in ALL cells
plasma/cell membrane-phospholipid bilyaer liquid layer-cytosol/cytoplasm chromosomes (genetic material) ribosomes
Cilia
The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner protists have it
Section 2
(2 cards)