Section 1
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london dispersion forces
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (56)
Section 1
(50 cards)
london dispersion forces
between two TEMPORARILY POLAR molecules weakest force of attraction is SHORT or INSTANT induced (pilit)
Atomic theory
1. all matter are made up of atoms 2. all atoms of an element have identical chemical and physical properties 3. atoms of different elements have different sets of chemical and physical properties
atomic size
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule SHARING of e- between NON-METALS
avogardo's law
volume of gas at constant T and P contains same number or molecules
electronegativity
attract electrons
aufbau principle
saturated
already contains maximum amount of solute
covalent compound
formed by atoms that SHARE electrons
nuclear model
RUTHERFORD mass and all of the positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus
ideal gas law
PV = nRT
atomic number
number of protons in the nucleus equal to the number of electrons is atom is neutral
VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion)
shape of molecules depend on the fact that electron pairs tend to move as far apart from one another as possible
gay-lussac's law
increasing temperature increases pressure (T is directly propertional to V)
metals vs. non-metals
noble gases
intert gases unreactive very stable outer shell of 8 electrons
kinetic molecular theory
1. particles n a gas are infinitely small; 2. particles in a gas are constant in random motion; 3. gases do not experience intermolecular forces; 4. gas molecules undergo perfectly elastic collisions (they bounce perfectly off one another); 5. KE of gas molecules are directly propertional to their temperature (hotter, faster moving molecules)
law of definite proportion/composition
ratio of the elements in a compound is always the same water will always be H2O
isotopes
atoms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons
ion
charged atom
planetary model
BOHR electrons travel around the nucleus in a circular orbit energy is proportional to their distance from the nucleus
charle's law
increasing the temperature increases the volume (T is directly proportional to V)
factors that increase rates of reaction
higher temperature higher concentration of reactants larger surface area of reactants addition of catalyst
combined gas law
boyle's law
decreasing volume increases collissions and increases pressure (V is indirectly proportional to P)
supersaturated
used pressure or heat to dissolve more than the usual amount of solute
chemical change
formation of a new substance A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances.
electron affinity
energy released when an electron is added to an atom
nonpolar
equal sharing of electrons covalent
intermolecular
force of attraction between molecules
dipole-dipole forces
POLAR COVALENT molecules attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
hydrogen bond
between H atom of one molecule and an N, F, or O atom of anothe rmolecule e.g H2O strongest
cation
positively charged lose electrons
quantum model
the electron is a wave found in orbitals
intramolecular
the bonds that hold the atoms of a molecule together into one unit of matter attraction between atoms in a molecule
ionic bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. TRANSFER of e- between METALS and NON-METALS
metalloids
metallic and non-metallic properties
hund's rule
ionic compound
salt formed by a catopom and an anion TRANSFER of electrons so that each atom has same number of electrons more stable
halogens
highly reactive non-metals lack one electron from outer shell RECEIVE ELECTRONS charge of -1
anion
negatively charged gain electrons
mass number
protons + neutrons
law of multiple proportions
plum pudding model
JJ THOMPSON electrons are embedded in a positive-charged sphere
ionization energy
energy required to remove an electron from an atom
polar
unequal number of electrons ionic
alkali metals
highly reactive metals LOSE ELECTRONS have a charge of +1
billiard ball model
DALTON atom is hard and indestructible
unsaturated solution
dissolve more solute
law of conservation of mass
in any chemical reaction total mass of the reactants is EQUAL to the total mass of the products
Section 2
(6 cards)