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AP Biology Protein Synthesis

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Section 1

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Termination

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (35)

Section 1

(35 cards)

Termination

Front

End codon.

Back

Transcription

Front

Process that converts DNA Nucleic Acid language into RNA Nucleic Acid language.

Back

Spliceosome

Front

Several snRNPs. Recognize splice site sequence. "Cut and paste" gene.

Back

Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes

Front

Translation and transcription coupled, translation begins before transcription is completed.

Back

Initiation

Front

Brings together mRNA, ribosome subunits, initiator tRNA.

Back

Elongation

Front

Adding amino acids based on codon sequence.

Back

TATA Box Binding Site

Front

A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex.

Back

snRNPs

Front

Small nuclear RNA; proteins. Responsible for splicing RNA.

Back

Transcription Bubble

Front

Where DNA unzips for transcription to begin.

Back

P Site

Front

Holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain.

Back

Codon

Front

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Back

mRNA Splicing

Front

Post-transcriptional processing; edits out introns.

Back

Mature mRNA

Front

The final product of mRNA splicing.

Back

Anti-Codon

Front

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.

Back

RNA Polymerase

Front

Transcribes genes into mRNA.

Back

RNA Structure

Front

• Ribose sugar. • Nitrogen bases: Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine. • Single stranded.

Back

Introns

Front

The junk genetic material; INbetween sequence.

Back

A Site

Front

Holds tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added to chain.

Back

Ribosomes

Front

Facilitate coupling of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon. Organelle/enzyme hybrid.

Back

Enhancer Region

Front

Binding site far upstream of gene. Turns transcription on HIGH.

Back

Template Strand

Front

Transcribed DNA strand; the strand of DNA that is temporarily paired with the RNA.

Back

mRNA Caps

Front

5' GTP Cap and Poly-A Tail; longer tail, mRNA lasts longer: produces more protein.

Back

Initiation Complex

Front

Transcription factors bind to promoter region. Trigger the binding of RNA Polymerase to DNA.

Back

Structure of Ribosomes

Front

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Large and small subunits.

Back

Reading Frame

Front

Reading mRNA nucleotides in the correct groupings. If a single base is added or lost, it throws off the entire reading frame.

Back

Pre-mRNA

Front

Primary transcript of the process.

Back

Start Codons

Front

AUG and Methionine.

Back

Post-Transcriptional Processing

Front

Need to protect mRNA on its trip from nucleus to cytoplasm; enzymes in cytoplasm attack mRNA.

Back

Stop Codons

Front

UGA, UAA, and UAG.

Back

tRNA

Front

Transfer RNA: follows its complementary codon, carries a specific attached amino acid.

Back

Exons

Front

The real gene; expressed/coding DNA.

Back

E Site

Front

Exit site. Empty tRNA leaves ribosome from exit side.

Back

Promoter Region

Front

Binding site before beginning of gene; for RNA Polymerase and transcription factors.

Back

Alternative Splicing

Front

Alternative mRNAs produced from same gene; different segments treated as exons.

Back

Translation

Front

From nucleic acid language to amino acid language.

Back