Section 1
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eulogy
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (101)
Section 1
(50 cards)
eulogy
a formal speech praising a person who has died
Anaphora
the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses
Epiphora
The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses. (Also known as epistrophe.)
clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate
Appeal to Authority
A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution.
Chiasmus
A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.
Figures of speech
The various uses of language that depart from customary construction, order, or significance.
argument
A course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating truth or falsehood.
Allegory
Extending a metaphor so that objects, persons, and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text.
character
An individual (usually a person) in a narrative (usually a work of fiction or creative nonfiction).
extended metaphor
A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.
Diction
the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.
didactic
intended to instruct or teach
complement
A word or word group that completes the predicate in a sentence.
Ethos
appeal based on the character of the speaker or narrator
Asyndeton
omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words
comparsion
A rhetorical strategy in which a writer examines similarities and/or differences between two people, places, ideas, or objects.
Appeal to Ignorance
A fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness.
Coordination
The grammatical connection of two or more ideas to give them equal emphasis and importance. Contrast with subordination.
adjective
The part of speech that modified a noun or a pronoun
Ambiguity
The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage.
Allusion
indirect reference to a famous person, place, event, or literary work
Climax
Mounting by degrees through words or sentences of increasing weight and in parallel construction with an emphasis on the high point or culmination of a series of events.
Exposition
A statement or type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea.
colloquial
Characteristic of writing that seeks the effect of informal spoken language as distinct from formal or literary English
ad hominem
An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack.
Dialect
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
figurative language
Language in which figures of speech metaphors, smilies and hyperbole freely occur
Circular Argument
An argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove.
Antithesis
the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance
Confirmation
The main part of a text in which logical arguments in support of a position are elaborated.
Aphorism
(1) A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion. (2) A brief statement of a principle.
encomium
A tribute or eulogy in prose or verse glorifying people, objects, ideas, or events.
deduction
A method of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises.
Denotation
The dictionary definition of a word
Flashback
A shift in a narrative to an earlier event that interrupts the normal chronological development of a story.
Conjunction
The part of speech that serves to connect words,phrases,clauses or sentences
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
Analogy
Reasoning or arguing from parallel cases.
antecedent
The noun or noun phrase referred to by a pronoun.
claim
An arguable statement, which may be a claim of fact, value, or policy.
fallacy
An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid
Euphemism
substitution of an inoffensive term for one that is offensive
False Dilemma
A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.
epitaph
(n.) a brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone
Apostrophe
A rhetorical term for breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing.
Connotation
The emotional implications and associations that a word may carry.
concession
An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.
Assonance
The identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words.
Adverb
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Section 2
(50 cards)
Running Style
Sentence style that appears to follow the mind as it worries a problem through, mimicking the "rambling, associative syntax of conversation"--the opposite of periodic sentence style.
Jargon
The specialized language of a professional, occupational, or other group, often meaningless to outsiders.
Induction
A method of reasoning by which a rhetor collects a number of instances and forms a generalization that is meant to apply to all instances.
Refutation
The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.
invective
Denunciatory or abusive language; discourse that casts blame on somebody or something.
Thesis
The main idea of an essay or report often written as a single declarative sentence
Predicate
One of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb.
Prose
ordinary writing as distinguished from verse
Metaphor
A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common
Repetition
An instance of using a word, phrase, or clause more than once in a short passage--dwelling on a point.
Personification
A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities
Rhetoric
The study and practice of effective communication.
Parody
A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.
Genre
a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.
Hyperbole
a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect
Irony
the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs
Mode of Discourse
The way in which information is presented in a text. The four traditional modes are narration, description, exposition, and argument.
Onomatopoeia
The formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
Imagery
Vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses.
Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").
Hasty Generalization
A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence.
Noun
A person, place, thing, or idea
point of view
the perspective from which a story is told
Sarcasm
A mocking, often ironic or satirical remark.
rhetorical question
A questioned asked merely for effect with no answer expected
Isocolon
A succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure.
Parallelism
similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
periodic sentence
A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax.
Simile
A comparison using "like" or "as"
voice
(1) The quality of a verb that indicates whether its subject acts (active voice) or is acted upon (passive voice). (2) The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or narrator.
Style
Narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament speech or writing; broadly, as representing a manifestation of the person speaking or writing.
Synecdoche
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part
Syllogism
A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
Pathos
Appeal to emotion
Tone
the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.
Pronoun
A word that takes the place of a noun
Litotes
A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
transition
The connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence.
Subordination
Words, phrases, and clauses that make one element of a sentence dependent on (or subordinate to) another. Contrast with coordination.
Understatemeant
A figure of speech in which a writer deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is
Symbol
a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself
verb
The part of speech (or word class) that describes an action or occurrence or indicates a state of being.
subject
The part of a sentence or clause that indicates what it is about.
Mood
The quality of a verb that conveys the writers attitude toward a subject
Satrire
A text or performance that uses irony derision or wit to expose or attack human vice foolishness or stupidity
Paradox
A statement that appears to contradict itself
Syntax
The study of the rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases clauses and sentences
loose sentence
A sentence structure in which a main clause is followed by subordinate phrases and clauses. Contrast with periodic sentence.
Narrative
A rhetorical strategy that recounts a sequence of events, usually in chronological order.
Section 3
(1 card)