Section 1
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This is used to make single-alternative decisions and can determine whether an action will occur.
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Section 1
(50 cards)
This is used to make single-alternative decisions and can determine whether an action will occur.
IF statement
A single equal sign in a C sharp statement is called what?
the assignment operator. (used to set a value, not compare 2 values. Illegal assignments will generate errors.)
What is a loop with no statements called?
Empty body
This is used to determine if two expressions are both true
Conditional AND operator (represented by a double ampersand (&&) and MUST have a complete Boolean expression on each side of it)
When might a program with an infinite loop end?
When the loop fails due to a failure in computer memory or hardware failures
What is it called when variables inside a loop stop after the loop ends?
out of scope
What tool helps programmers plan a program's logic by writing plain English statements?
Pseudocode
A double equal sign in a C sharp statement is used for what?
To test for equality. (WILL compare 2 different values in a statement)
What is the value called that a user must supply to stop a loop?
Sentinel Value
What does a while loop consist of?
1. the keyword: WHILE 2. a Boolean expression within parentheses 3. the loop body
this keyword usually terminates a switch structure at the end of each case
break
This keyword is followed by one of the possible values that might equal the switch expression
case
What is it called when you subtract from the loop control variable?
Decrementing
These decisions will have 2 possible resulting actions.
Dual-alternative decisions
These are used to perform two different actions based on if an expression evaluates as TRUE or FALSE.
IF-ELSE statement
diagrams used in mathematics and logic to help describe the truth of an entire expression based on the truth of its parts.
Truth tables
What is a good practice to follow when writing a switch?
Include a default case (not required but strongly encouraged)
What are some ways to improve loop performance?
- Make sure the loop avoids unnecessary operations - consider the order of evaluation for short-circuit operators - Employ loop fusion - Use prefix incrementing rather than postfix incrementing
This keyword is optionally used prior to any action that should occur if the test does not match any case
Default
What are the rules for using nested loops?
1. The inner loop must be entirely contained within the outer loop 2. Loops can never overlap
These operators work exactly as their conditional counterparts, but do NOT support short-circuit evaluation.
Boolean logical AND (&) and Boolean logical OR (|)
This keyword starts a structure and is followed immediately by a test expression enclosed in parentheses
switch
How can you distinguish each array element from the others in in array?
By using a subscript (also called an index)
This is used to execute a body of statements continuously as long as some condition continues to be true
WHILE loop
What is the technique of combining two loops into one?
Loop fusion (Chapter 5 packet, p. 11 slide 1)
Statements that precede a block are called what?
Control statement
When a loop has a predetermined number of iterations it is called?
Definite loop OR counted loop
Multiple decisions can be loaded into a single IF statement using what?
AND/OR operators
This operator is written as an exclamation point and negates the result of any Boolean expression.
NOT operator (NOT operator has higher precedence than the && and || operators)
One or more statements contained within a pair of curly braces { } is called what?
block
What loop always enters the loop without testing and checks at the "bottom" of the loop after one repetition?
DO loop
This is used when a programmer wants some action to occur even if only one of two conditions is met
Conditional OR operator (written as two pipes (||) and must include a complete Boolean expression on each side of the operator)
What is used to create definite loops and allow the expression to alter the loop control variable?
FOR loop (also called the step value)
A list of data items that all have the same data type and the same name is called what?
Array
3 things to know about "garbage"
1. It's a term for an unknown value 2. The C# compiler helps to prevent seeing an incorrect total by requiring you to provide a starting value 3. C# will not use the garbage value that happens to be stored at an uninitialized memory location
The objects in an array are called what?
Array elements
The DO loop is what kind of loop?
a post-test loop; one in which the loop control variable is tested after the loop body executes
What is a never-ending loop called?
Infinite loop
What are some frequent errors in C sharp decision making?
- using the assignment (=) operator instead of the comparison operator(==) - inserting a semicolon after the Boolean expression in an IF statement - failing to block a set of statements with curly braces { } -failing to include a complete Boolean expression on each side of an && or || operator
What is an operator that takes three parameters?
a ternary operator. Syntax of a ternary operator: testExpression ? trueResult : falseResult;
Which structure involves choosing between alternative courses based on a value in the program?
Decision Structure
One decision structure contained within another is called what?
Nested IF statement
This tests a variable against a series of exact matches
switch structure
Unintended by-products of logical operators that can mess up C sharp statements
side effects
What is it called when a loop control variable is altered by user input instead of arithmetic?
Indefinite loop
Why should you use prefix incrementing rather than postfix incrementing?
Prefix incrementing (++x) runs faster than postfix incrementing (x++)
Expressions in each part of an AND expression, evaluated only enough to determine if the entire expression is TRUE or FALSE.
Short-circuit evaluation
What tool would you use to plan out the steps of a program by drawing them as a series of shapes connected by arrows or lines?
Flowchart
What is it called when you add to the loop control variable?
Incrementing
Which structure method has steps follow each other unconditionally in the order they were written?
Sequence Structure
Section 2
(13 cards)