Section 1
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Allusions
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (171)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Allusions
A reference within a work to something outside the work, such as historical people/events, mythological/biblical figures and places etc.
Static Characters
characters who do not change throughout a narrative/play
Internal Conflict
conflicts that take place within the minds of the characters
Defamiliarization
the concept, developed by Russian formalists, that authors change familiar aspects of communication so that they are "unfamiliar"...literature is different from other communications because it contains unfamiliar, strange, qualities.
Flat Characters
characters with one one or two traits who can be described in a short phrase, simple characters
External Conflict
conflicts that take play outside characters, between characters/speakers and realities.
Third Person Limited
in narrative fiction, the telling of a story y an apparently alll-knowing narrator who enters the mind of only 1 character, narator refers to all the characters in the third person as "he or "she"
Dynamic Characters
characters who change during the course of drama/narrative fiction
Moral Center
A character in a work who seems to embody the author's concepts of right belief and conduct
Analysis
examination of the parts of something to discover relationships among them and the meanings suggested by those relationships
Round Characters
characters who have multiple personality traits, who resemble the complexity of real people
Unstable Situation
the introduction of conflict at the beginning of the plot
Interpretation
process of examining details of something in order to make sense of it...involves analyzing individual works to discover meaning...how elements cohere inside works and how they connect to realities outside the works
Theme
an idea about the human condition that the audience extracts from work of literature, what the work seems to say about a subject
Exposition
throughout a narrative, the narrative's explanation of the conflict
Denotation
the object or idea-the referent-that a word represents
Narrative
a story, told by a narrator, featuring characters who act, think and talk
Embedded Story
narratives that appear within a narrative or drama that seemed to digress from main ploy
Flashback
A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events
Rising Action
intensification of conflict in narrative, leading to a climax
In Medias Res
latin for in the middle of things, plot that begins in the middle of the story and uses flashbacks to reveal events that occur from the beginning.
Allegory
a kind of literature in which concrete things-characters,events, and objects- represent time
Narrative Fiction
a narrative that includes made-up events
Falling Action
events in a narrative that occur after the climax and lead to the end, also denouement
Characters
people in narratives/dramas
Tone
a narrator's or writer's predominant attitude toward a subject. subject can be place, event, character, or idea.
Stable Situation
the end of a narrative, where all/most if the major conflicts have been resolved
Suspense
Excited anticipation of an approaching climax
Flash-forward
An action that jumps ahead of the story to narrate an event that happens at a later time.
Story of Iniation
*******
Summary Narration
narration of events/repeated actions that happen over time, reading takes much less time than it did for action to occur
First Person
in narrative fiction, telling of story by character who refers to him/herself as I
Frame Story
narratives that surround- provide a frame for- other narratives in the work. ex Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
Climax
the point in a narrative where the conflicts reach a peak of intensity and are resolved or soon to be resolved.
Epistolary Narrative
a novel written as a series of documents or letter
Antagonist
the opponent, whether human ir otherwise, of the protagonist
Protagonist
main character
Characterization
presentation/development of traits of characters
Third Person Objective
in narrative fiction, the telling of a story by an apparently all knowing narrator who enters the mind of no characters, learn about characters from outside, like watching a play (dramatic)...narrator refers to characters as "he" and "she."
Scenic Narration
telling an event in real time, so that reading or hearing the event takes as long as the event took, scenic narration usually features dialogue
Crisis
A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager.
Third Person Omniscient
in narrative fiction, the telling of a story by an apparently all-knowing narrator who enters the minds of more than one character , and who refers to all the character's in third person , as "he" and "she"
Subject
something a work of literature seems to be about such as love, politics, finances, bravery, leadership etc.
Archetype
A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response
POV
in narrative fiction, the narrator's relationship to the world of the work...the location from which the narrator sees everything in the narrative and from which the narrators tells the story.
Story v. Plot
story is everything that happens in a narrative, in chronological order. plot is an aspect of narrative
Connotation
the subjective, emotional associations that a word has for a person or group of people
Unreliable Narrator
narrators or centers of consciousness whose judgments and/or rendering facts is often trustworthy.
Genre
type or kind of literature, identifiable by presence of easily recognizable conventions, broad genres include fiction, drama, poetry, and essay ...subgenres of drama include tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce and theater of the absurd...
Inciting Accident
starts the story's action
Section 2
(50 cards)
Tochaic
poetic foot in which one stressed syllable is followed by one unstressed syllable
Ballad
poem that is meant to be sung and tells a story
Alliteration
repetition of consonant sounds at beginning of words or beginning of accented syllables
Verbal Irony
statement of the opposite of what one means
Personification
an analogy that attributes human qualities to something not human
Symbolism
use of symbols in a work
Analogy
statement that claims similarity of things basically different
Indirect Revelation
the reader must infer things about the character based on what the author says
Extended Metaphor
an analogy extended throughout entire poem or major section of poem
Iambic
iamb-metrical foot...iambic pentameter- line of poetry consisting of five iambic feet
Dactylic
metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables
Understatement
form of verbal irony that minimizes the nature of something while meaning the opposite
Epiphany
term invented by James Joyce to mean sudden feeling of revelation experienced by a character
Speaker
A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing, narrator
Gratuitous Act
an act which has no motivation or cause
Rhyme
repetition of last accented vowel of words and sounds that follow
Direct Revelation
The narrator can make direct comments about the character's nature.
Rhythm
one of the characteristic features of poetic language
Independent Clause
usually following the order of subject-verb or subject-verb-object
Subordinate Clause
phrases within a sentence that do not stand alone as sentences, that are dependent on the independent clause
Atmosphere
the emotional reaction-such as fear, happiness etc. -that the audience and sometimes characters have to the setting and events of work
Syntax
sentence structure, the way words go together to make sentences
Figurative Language
conscious departure from normal ways of speaking , tropes such as metaphor and simile
Spondiac
stressed stressed foot, metrical foot consisting of two accented syllables
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Metaphor
any analogy, statement that claims a similarity between things that are unlike and that omits words like and as
Foil
A character who is in most ways opposite to the main character (protagonist) or one who is nearly the same as the protagonist. The purpose of the foil character is to emphasize the traits of the main character by contrast only
Accentual-Syllabic
metrical pattern based on number f stresses and number of syllables per line. accentual-syllabic is the most typical metric pattern, marked by units of feet such as iambs, trochees, anapests etc.
Consonance
repetition of final consonant sounds that are preceded by different vowel sounds
Stock Character
flat and simple characters easily recognized conventions in drama, stereotypes
Simile
statement that claims the similarity of things that are essentially unlike and that uses comparative words like or as
Assonance
repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds
Onomatopoeia
use of words that sound like what they mean
Foot
unit of rhythm in a line of poetry
Attitudinal Irony
a person's belief that reality is one way when, in fact, it is very different.
Theme
idea about the human condition that audience extracts from literature, what is said about a subject
Imagery
descriptions of physical phenomena that appeal to one or more of senses, figurative language, such as metaphor simile
Setting
the physical, sensuous location of the action, time in which action occurs and social environment of characters.
Diction
author's choice of words
Meter
regular and repeated pattern of rhythm in a line of poetry , can be based on syllable duration or amount or number of stresses,
Caesura
strong pause in sentence, used as rhythmic and thematic device in lines of poetry
Anapestic
metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable
Scanning
marking of accented and unaccented syllables in lines of poetry
Overstatement
type of verbal irony that exaggerates the nature of something while meaning the opposite
Irony
obvious contrast between appearance and reality
Stream of Conciousness
the presentation of characters' preciousness or speechless thoughts as an incoherent "stream"
Situational Irony
a situation that differs from what common sense indicates it is, will be, or sought to be
Monologue
characters' thoughts in their own words but presented by narrator in past tense and third person, A long speech in a play or story, delivered by a single person (see soliloquy).
Sarcasm
A type of verbal irony in which, under the guise of praise, a caustic and bitter expression of strong and personal disapproval is given. Sarcasm is personal, jeering, and intended to hurt.
Dramatic Irony
statements and beliefs of characters that the audience knows to be false but characters do not...audience knows more
Section 3
(50 cards)
Deus Ex Machine
"the god from the machine", appears at last moment and resolves loose ends of play
Haiku
poem originating in japan, typically has three lines with five syllables in first seven in second and five in third...17 syllables, refers to nature a specific event and the present
Fixed Form (Closed)
stanzas and whole poems that conform to traditional patterns and rules
Hyperbole
An extreme exaggeration
Poetic Structure
The way words are arranged in lines, lines are arranged in stanzas, and units of sound are organized to achieve rhythm and rhyme.
Satire
A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals, A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.
Anti-Hero
a protagonist who lacks the characteristics that would make him a hero (or her a heroine)
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.
Paradox
A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
Internal Rhyme
rhymed words that occur within a line of poetry or that appear closer together in prose
Personae
the aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived by others
Euphony
Denotes pleasing, mellifluous sounds, usually produced by long vowels rather than consonants., A succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony.
Antithesis
a balancing or contrasting of one term against another
Approximate Rhyme
words that are close to rhymed
Epic Poem
A long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
Parody
A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule., A satirical imitation
Nonce (Open) Form
stanzas and whole poems that conform to no traditional patterns or rules
Dramatic Convention
Any dramatic device which, though it departs from reality, is implicitly accepted by author and audience as a means of representing reality. any of several devices that the audience accepts as a substitution for reality in a dramatic work
Versimilitude
(n.) the quality of appearing to be true, real, likely, or probable, in a fiction setting, the similarity to reality; the appearance of truth; looking like the real thing
Blank Verse
iambic pentameter with no end rhyme
Apostrophe
A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.
End-Stopped Lines
line of poetry that has a definite pause at the end
Italian Sonnet
A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd, A form of sonnet divided into eight line and six line parts. Also called a Petrarchan sonnet.
Rhyme Scheme
any pattern of end rhyme, pattern indicated by letters
Anaphora
repetition of the same word or words at the start of two or more lines
Lyric Poem
a poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of the speaker. A ballad tells a story, A short poem of songlike quality
Hubris
Excessive pride
Slapstick
Physical humor, Comedy stressing farce and horseplay
Catharsis
A purifying or figurative cleansing of the emotions, especially pity and fear, described by Aristotle as an effect of tragic drama on its audience
Elegiac Poem
a type of poem that meditates on death or has a serious theme
Cacaphony
Harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite o
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").
Enjambment
continuance of a phrase from one line of poetry to the next so that there is no pause at the end of the line
Pathos
Appeal to emotion
Masculine Rhyme
rhymed sounds that consist of one stressed syllable
Sonnet
form of poetry that consists of fourteen lines of iambic pentameter and conforms to one of two patterns of end rhyme...shakespearean sonnet and petrarchan sonnnet
Visual Poetry
poetry that must be seen as well as heard in order to be fully understood. also called pattern poetry, has taken appearance of recognizable objects
English Sonnet
ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, 3 Quatrains and an ending couplet. Rhyme scheme of abab, cdcd, efef, gg (iambic pentameter)
End Rhyme
rhymed words that appear at ends of lines of poetry
Playwright
A person who writes plays
Burlesque
A work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation
Wit
the talent or quality of using unexpected associations between contrasting or disparate words or ideas to make a clever humorous effect
Dramatic Poem
A narrative poem in which one or more characters speak, a poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends. The dramatic monologue is an example, a verse that relies heavily on dramatic elements such as monologue or dialogue
Narrative Poem
A poem that tells a story
Hamartia
tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall
Free Verse
poetry without meter
Double Entendre
A word or phrase open to two interpretations, one of which is usually risqué or indecent
Stanza
unit of lines set apart from other units by spaces, can encompass whole poem, often organized by patterns of end rhyme poems without stanzas are stichic, poems with stanzas are strophic
Feminine Rhyme
rhymed sounds that have two or more syllables
Dramatic Situation
a situation that drives the plot of a drama that involves the dynamic relation between a character and a goal or objective and the obstacles that intervene between the character and the objective, the conflict in which some character is involved
Section 4
(21 cards)