Section 1
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Cards (113)
Section 1
(50 cards)
==
testing if two things have the same value
keyword
A reserved word that is used by the compiler to parse a program; you cannot use keywords like if, def, and while as variable names.
\uxxxx
Character with 16-bit hex value xxxx (Unicode only)
\a
ASCII Bell (BEL)
float
converts integers and strings to floating-point numbers float('3.14159') 3.14159
\b
ASCII Backspace (BS)
from math import *
imports everything from math module all that is in the module may be accessed without dot notation: >>> cos(pi) -1.0
from math import pi
imports pi from math module pi can be accessed without dot notation: >>> print pi 3.14159265359
function call
A statement that executes a function. It consists of the function name followed by an argument list.
\Uxxxxxxxx
Character with 32-bit hex value xxxxxxxx (Unicode only)
\t ASCII
Horizontal Tab (TAB)
+ (strings)
concatenation
\f
ASCII Formfeed (FF)
\t*
indent and an asterisk
variable
A name that refers to a value.
\N{name}
character named name in the Unicode database (Unicode only)
fruitful function
A function that returns a value.
\xhh
Character with hex value hh
string
A type that represents sequences of characters.
\ooo
Character with octal value oo
floating-point
A type that represents numbers with fractional parts.
return variable
The result of a function. If a function call is used as an expression, the return value is the value of the expression.
assignment
A statement that assigns a value to a variable.
function
A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take arguments and may or may not produce a result.
\r ASCII
Carriage Return (CR)
function definition (def)
A statement that creates a new function, specifying its name, parameters, and the statements it executes.
function object
A value created by a function definition. The name of the function is a variable that refers to a function object.
local variable
A variable defined inside a function. A local variable can only be used inside its function.
void function
A function that doesn't return a value.
=
defines variable
str
converts its argument to a string
value
One of the basic units of data, like a number or string, that a program manipulates.
operator
A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation.
ASCII Linefeed (LF)
* (strings)
repetition e.g. print "Love" * 3 -> LoveLoveLove
parameter
A name used inside a function to refer to the value passed as an argument
statement
A section of code that represents a command or action (assignment, print).
expression
A combination of variables, operators, and values that represents a single result value.
**
exponentiation
header
The first line of a function definition.
operand
One of the values on which an operator operates.
integer
A type that represents whole numbers.
type
A category of values. The types we have seen so far are integers (type int), floating-point numbers (type float), and strings (type str).
floor division
The operation that divides two numbers and chops off the fraction part.
int
converts floating-point values to integers by chopping off the fraction part
\\
prints \
argument
A value provided to a function when the function is called. This value is assigned to the corresponding parameter in the function.
\v
ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)
def
keyword, indicates a function definition
body
The sequence of statements inside a function definition.
Section 2
(50 cards)
recursion
The process of calling the function that is currently executing.
stack diagram
A graphical representation of a stack of functions, their variables, and the values they refer to.
condition
The boolean expression in a conditional statement that determines which branch is executed.
modulus operator
An operator, denoted with a percent sign (%), that works on integers and yields the remainder when one number is divided by another.
incremental development
A program development plan intended to avoid debugging by adding and testing only a small amount of code at a time.
infinite recursion
A recursion that doesn't have a base case, or never reaches it. Eventually, an infinite recursion causes a runtime error.
logical operator
One of the operators that combines boolean expressions: and, or, not.
import statement
A statement that reads a module file and creates a module object.
boolean expression
An expression whose value is either True or False.
multiple asignment
Making more than one assignment to the same variable during the execution of a program.
precondition
A requirement that should be satisfied by the caller before a function starts.
raw_input()
function which prompts user to enter something, returns strings
loop
a part of a program that can execute repeatedly
guardian
A programming pattern that uses a conditional statement to check for and handle circumstances that might cause an error.
branch
One of the alternative sequences of statements in a conditional statement.
module
A file that contains a collection of related functions and other definitions.
iteration
Repeated execution of a set of statements using either a recursive function call or a loop.
conditional statement
A statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition.
traceback
A list of the functions that are executing, printed when an exception occurs
x != y
x is not equal to y
nested conditional
A conditional statement that appears in one of the branches of another conditional statement.
relational operator
One of the operators that compares its operands: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
initialization
An assignment that gives an initial value to a variable that will be updated.
infinite loop
A loop in which the terminating condition is never satisfied.
generalization
The process of replacing something unnecessarily specific (like a number) with something appropriately general (like a variable or parameter).
development plan
A process for writing programs.
state diagram
A graphical representation of a set of variables and the values they refer to.
None
A special value returned by functions that have no return statement or a return statement without an argument.
refactoring
The process of modifying a working program to improve function interfaces and other qualities of the code.
module object
A value created by an import statement that provides access to the values defined in a module.
encapsulation
The process of transforming a sequence of statements into a function definition.
dead code
Part of a program that can never be executed, often because it appears after a return statement.
object
Something a variable can refer to. For now, you can use "object" and "value" interchangeably.
chained conditional
A conditional statement with a series of alternative branches.
dot notation
The syntax for calling a function in another module by specifying the module name followed by a dot (period) and the function name.
update
An assignment where the new value of the variable depends on the old.
instance
a member of a set
composition
Using an expression as part of a larger expression, or a statement as part of a larger statement.
increment
An update that increases the value of a variable (often by one).
interface
A description of how to use a function, including the name and descriptions of the arguments and return value.
sequence
An ordered set; that is, a set of values where each value is identified by an integer index.
postcondition
A requirement that should be satisfied by the function before it ends
decrement
An update that decreases the value of a variable.
compound statement
A statement that consists of a header and a body. The header ends with a colon (:). The body is indented relative to the header.
keyword argument
An argument that includes the name of the parameter as a "keyword." (in function call) function (a = 15, b = bob)
tmporary variable
A variable used to store an intermediate value in a complex calculation.
scaffolding
Code that is used during program development but is not part of the final version.
flow of execution
The order in which statements are executed during a program run.
base case
A conditional branch in a recursive function that does not make a recursive call.
docstring
A string that appears in a function definition to document the function's interface.
Section 3
(13 cards)