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AP Biology Photosynthesis

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Section 1

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Chloroplast

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (29)

Section 1

(29 cards)

Chloroplast

Front

sites of photosynthesis

Back

Pigment

Front

a molecule that absorbs wavelengths in the visible light spectrum

Back

C3 Plant

Front

Plants that use the Calvin Cycle without creating carbon intermediaries, take in carbon dioxide through stomata. An enzyme called RuBisCO helps the carbon dioxide combine to make sugar.

Back

C4 Photosynthesis

Front

A method that bypasses photorespiration Happens in corn, sugarcane, and other plants in hot, dry environments Converts carbon dioxide to a 4-carbon intermediary which is then stored in bundle-sheath cells

Back

Calvin Cycle

Front

Light-Independent reactions Occurs in stoma, does not use light directly. Uses the enzyme Rubisco to create 2 molecules of G3P which is then either used to create glucose or recycled back into RuBP to restart the cycle

Back

Black

Front

All colors absorbed

Back

Light-Harvesting Complex

Front

Contains chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids (within the photosystem) that will trap light energy for use in the light reactions

Back

Chlorophyll a

Front

main photosynthetic green pigment, absorbs primarily violet-blue and red wavelengths

Back

Light Reactions

Front

Occur in thylakoid membrane and are also called light dependent reactions

Back

CAM Plants

Front

Plants that only open stomata at night. They convert carbon dioxide to malic acid which is then converted back into carbon dioxide during the day for the Calvin cycle

Back

Photosystem 1

Front

Has P700 chlorophyll a in reaction-center complex, thought to have evolved first because it can work alone to create primary acceptors, 2nd of the photosystems

Back

Grana

Front

stacks of thylakoid

Back

Thylakoids

Front

dense interconnected membranous sacs where the light reactions occur

Back

Photosynthesis Equation

Front

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Back

chlorophyll b

Front

Pigment that absorbs light in the blue and orange light spectrum. Second major pigment used in plants.

Back

Reduction

Front

The carbon molecules made in Carbon Fixation are reduced into to G3P by adding the negative phosphate from a NADPH that can be used to make glucose or perform other processes

Back

Photosystem

Front

Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes which split water to create electrons that get transferred to NADP+ to create NADPH and H+ which are used to create ATP

Back

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Front

Electromagnetic energy which travels in waves

Back

Chlorophyll

Front

Green Pigment Main photosynthetic pigmnet Absorbs primarily violet-blue and red wavelengths

Back

Photosynthesis

Front

conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules

Back

Carbon Dioxide

Front

source of inorganic carbon used in photosynthesis

Back

Carotenoid

Front

Group of pigments that absorb blue and blue-green wavelengths, appear orange, yellow, and red

Back

Granum

Front

singular of grana

Back

Colors

Front

Light we see is reflected off objects and light we don't see is absorbed by objects

Back

Photosystem 2

Front

Has P680 chlorophyll a in reaction-center complex, first of the photosystems. splits water into electrons, oxygen, and hydrogen ions

Back

White

Front

All colors reflected

Back

Cytochrome

Front

Protein in the electron transport chain of the photosystems that transfers the electrons to create NADPH

Back

Rubisco

Front

The most abundant protein on Earth Carbon Fixation is catalyzed by Rubisco

Back

1 Cycle of Calvin Cycle

Front

1 CO2 is fixed 3 ATP are used 2 NADPH are used 1 RuBP is regenerated 6 cycles needed to make 1 glucose molecule

Back