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Chapter 9: Transformations in European Culture

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Section 1

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Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (40)

Section 1

(40 cards)

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

Front

French philosopher that argued for dualism between mind and body

Back

cabinet

Front

A group of advisers to the Prime Minister or President

Back

Smallpox

Front

The overall deadliest known disease in the history of the world. In the 20th century alone there were approximately 500,000,000 people who died of this disease.

Back

Louis XIV

Front

French king who personified absolute monarchy.

Back

Antoine Lavoisier

Front

Father of modern chemistry

Back

Roger Bacon

Front

Franciscan monk, English philosopher, and scientist in the 1200s who advocated for a system of scientific experimentation in seeking truth rather than accepting without question traditional Church and ancient beliefs. This led to the development of the scientific method.

Back

vaccine

Front

A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen

Back

John Locke (1632-1704)

Front

Political theorist who defended the Glorious Revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

Back

Sir Isaac Newton

Front

1643-1727. English physicist, mathmetician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. Published work in 1687 describing universal gravitation, and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics.

Back

Empiricism

Front

the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation

Back

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Front

"father of anatomy" dissection of human cadavers

Back

Euclid

Front

Father of geometry

Back

Spinoza (1632-1677AD)

Front

god is in creation and nature is god

Back

Maria Theresa

Front

Austrian empress who unified her nation after her father's death

Back

English Civil War

Front

Civil War in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I (Charles I wanted Absolute Monarchy)

Back

Protectorate

Front

Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

Back

Oliver Cromwell

Front

English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.

Back

Glorious Revolution

Front

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Back

Eratosthenes

Front

calculated the circumference of the earth

Back

Robert Boyle (1627-1691)

Front

Was a philosopher, physicist, chemist, and inventor. He is best know for Boyles Law which describes the inversely proportional relationship between pressure and volume of gas.

Back

Catherine the Great

Front

Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796)

Back

Charles II (1660-1685)

Front

Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell's Interregnum.

Back

Sir William Herschel

Front

Discovered Uranus and made a forty-foot-long telescope

Back

Laws of gravity and motion

Front

Laws that say gravity keeps the planets in orbit

Back

Secularism

Front

A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations.

Back

Paracelsus (1493-1541)

Front

Swiss physician and alchemist who pioneered the use of chemicals and drugs to address illness

Back

Charles I of England

Front

English King during the English Civil War is executed by Oliver Cromwell

Back

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

Front

Developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796

Back

English Bill or Rights (1689)

Front

Guaranteed that Englishmen had certain rights

Back

Hippocrates

Front

Father of modern medicine

Back

Edmond Halley (1656-1742)

Front

This man calculated a comets interval. Halley's Comet is named for him.

Back

James II (1685-1688)

Front

-became unpopular because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute rule

Back

William and Mary of Orange

Front

Dutch royalty who were "invited" by the English to take over England during what was called "The Glorious Revolution" because they were Protestant

Back

Age of Reason

Front

Another name for the Enlightenment period; time of scientific, literary, and artistic innovation based on the idea of using reason and observation

Back

Rationalism

Front

The belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

Back

Boyle's Law

Front

A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature

Back

William Harvey (1578-1657)

Front

He discovered the circulation of blood through veins and arteries in 1628, and he was the first to explain that the heart worked like a pump.

Back

Copernicus

Front

Devised a model of the universe with the Sun at the center, and not earth. (heliocentric)

Back

Galileo Galilei

Front

Used telescope to support heliocentric theory

Back

Albert the Great

Front

Dominican Friar and teacher of Thomas Aquinas

Back