Section 1
Preview this deck
Thomas Malthus
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
7 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (67)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Thomas Malthus
Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.
geologic
scale used by paleontologists to represent evolutionary time
catastrophism
A principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly
James Hutton
gradualism
convergent evolution
Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
allele frequency
Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene
radioactive dating
A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil on the basis of the amount of a radioactive element it contains
geologic time chart
a timeline showing a broad outline of the earths history according to evolutionists
molecular clock
Model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently
gene pool
Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
polyploidy
A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
natural selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits
behavioral isolation
isolation between populations due to differences in courtship or mating behavior
macroevolution
Evolutionary change above the species level.
hybrid inviability
postzygotic barrier; the offspring (called a hybrid) does not survive
sympatric speciation
The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
gene flow
exchange of genes between populations
biological evolution
Change in allele frequency of a species or population over time
biogeography
Geographic distribution of species.
mechanical isolation
Morphological differences can prevent successful mating
gametic isolation
Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species
analogous structures
Body parts that share a common function, but not structure
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history of a species
Lamarck
French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics
fitness
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
prezygotic isolating
occurring before breeding; produces a fertilized egg, or zygote
neutral selection
differences in DNA sequence that do not confer a selective advantage or disadvantage
cladogenesis
the formation of a new group of organisms or higher taxon by evolutionary divergence from an ancestral form.
homologous structures
similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor
founder effect
change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
domestication
the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food
gradualism
The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily
allopatric speciation
The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another.
bottleneck effect
a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size
vestigial structures
remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species.
comparative anatomy
The comparison of body structures and how they vary among species
Alfred Russel Wallace
British naturalist who developed a hypothesis of natural selection similar to Darwin's
genetic equilibrium
situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
disruptive selection
punctuated equilibrium
Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
uniformitarianism
the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.
molecular genetics
the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
Charles Lyell
uniformitarianism
evidence for evolution
1. Fossil Record 2. Comparative anatomy 3. Comparative biochemistry 4. Comparative embryology 5. Molecular biology 6. Biogeography
directional selection
stabilizing selection
systematics
study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms
microevolution
Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
Section 2
(17 cards)